A.C.E. 2/ACE CD 2.iso/FILES/DOCS/DPAINT3D.LHA/DeluxePaint3Part1.doc

Text File | 1994-11-27 | 213.1 KB | 4,818 lines

                        DELUXE PAINT III

Typed in by THE SOUTHERN STAR. Edited by PARASITE.


CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.....................................................1
        What Can I Do with Computer Graphics.....................1
        About the Manual.........................................3

CHAPTER ONE: WHAT'S NEW..........................................7
        The Major Additions......................................7
                Animation........................................7
                Extra Halfbrite..................................7
                Overscan Painting................................8
                More Brush Modes and Fill Types..................8
                Filled Freehand Shape Tool.......................8
                Filled and Outlined Shapes.......................8
                Improved Perspective Documentation...............9
                Improved Printing Controls.......................9
        Assorted Other Changes...................................9
                Flipping Pictures................................9
                More "About" Info................................9
                Automatic Outlines...............................9
                Brush Handles....................................10
                Choose Font Requester Replaced the Font Menu.....10
                Stenciled Brushes................................10
                More Preferences.................................10

CHAPTER TWO: GETTING STARTED.....................................13
        Software.................................................13
                The Readme File..................................13
        Hardware.................................................14
        Organizing Your Disks....................................14
                Installing on a Hard Drive.......................14
        Power Up.................................................15
                Starting DeluxePaint.............................16
        Loading a Picture........................................17

                Quitting DeluxePaint.............................19
                Technical Support................................19

CHAPTER THREE: A GUIDED TOUR.....................................23
        The Painting Screen......................................23
                The Title Bar....................................24
                The Menus........................................24
                The Palette......................................24
                        The Color Indicator......................25
                Painting With the Mouse..........................26
                        Picking Colors from the Screen...........27
                The Toolbox......................................28
                        The Built-in Brushes.....................28
                        The Painting Tools.......................28
                Anything Can Be a Brush..........................34
                Saving Your Work.................................35
        Looking Ahead............................................37
                Night and Day....................................37
                Fixing the Background............................38
                Animpainting.....................................39
                        Animation Frames.........................39
                        Animpainting.............................40

CHAPTER FOUR: THE ELEMENTS.......................................43
                What You'll Need.................................43
        1.The Custom Brushes.....................................44
                Ceating a Rectangular Brush......................44
                Creating an Irregular Shaped Brush...............45
                The Transparent Color............................45
                        The background Color is Transparent......46
                        The Corner Color Is Transparent..........46
                        Changing the Transparent Color...........47
                A Brush Is a Little Picture......................48

                Additional Features..............................49
                        Handle...................................49
                        Perspective..............................49
                        Fast FB..................................49
        2.The Screen.............................................50
                Hiding the Tools and the Menu Bar................50
                Magnifying and Zooming...........................50
                Grids............................................51
                Symmetry.........................................53
                The Pages........................................54
                        Switching Pages..........................54
                Page Size........................................55
                        Scrolling the Page.......................55
                Screen Resolutions...............................55
        3.The Palette............................................56
                The Color Palette Requester......................56
                        Arranging Colors in the Palette..........57
                        Creating Spreads.........................57
                        Defining Ranges..........................58
                The Color Palette and Screen Formats.............58
        4.The Tools..............................................59
                Modifying Tools..................................59
        5.The Painting Modes.....................................61
                Extra-Halfbrite Mode.............................63
        6.Text...................................................64
        7.Keyboard Equivalents...................................66

CHAPTER FIVE: USING PERSPECTIVE..................................69
        The Three Dimensional Model..............................69
                Rotating a Brush in 3D Space.....................70
                        Resetting the Brush Rotation.............73
                        The Angle Step...........................73
                        Rotation Around the Handle...............74
                        Screen Verus Brush Coordinates...........75

                Moving in 3D Space...............................78
                        Moving on the Z Axis.....................78
                        3D Coordinates...........................79
                        Laying Down the Brush to Move in 3D......79
                The Perspective Plane............................81
                        The Perspective Horizon..................82
                        The Angle of the Plane...................83

CHAPTER SIX: PAINTING TUTORIALS..................................87
        Tutorial One:Modifying the Color Palette.................87
                A Reference Palette..............................88
                Creating Color Spreads and Ranges................93
                        Gradient Fills...........................96
                Animation with Color Cycling.....................97
        Tutorial Two:Logos Unlimited.............................99
                Italicize........................................99
                Bend.............................................100
                Resize...........................................100
                Changing Colors..................................101
                Pattern Fill.....................................102
                Drop Shadows.....................................103
                Outlining the Logo...............................104
                        The Outline Command......................105
                Gradient Fill....................................105
        Tutorial Three: The World of Stencils....................107
                Distant Snowcaps.................................107
                Sunrise in the Rockies...........................109
                Cutting Some Z's.................................110
                The Eyes Have It.................................111
                Fixing the Background............................111

        Tutorial Four: Putting Things in Perspective.............112
                Creating the Plane...............................113
                Building the Arch................................114
                Inserting the Seascape Picture...................116
CHAPTER SEVEN: ANIMATION BASICS..................................119
        The Basic Model..........................................119
                Creating Frames..................................120
                Painting One Frame at a Time.....................120
                Painting with Animation..........................121
        Automatic Animation Using the Move Requester.............123
                Simple Moves in Three Dimensions.................123
                Simple Rotation..................................125
                Movement Along the Brush's Axes..................126
                Rotation on the Brush's Axes.....................127
                The Go Back Command..............................128
                        Successive Moves Without Go Back.........129
                        Successive Moves with Go Back............129
                Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Moves......................130
                Smooth Moves with Ease...........................133
                What's Left......................................134
        Animated Brushes.........................................135
                Creating a Small Animation.......................135
                Picking Up an AnimBrush..........................135
                Using the AnimBrush..............................136
                AnimBrush Settings...............................136

CHAPTER EIGHT: ANIMATION EFFECTS.................................141
        Effects..................................................141
                Quick Effects....................................142
                        Receding o Approaching Shapes............142
                        Dissolve.................................142
                        Expanding Circles........................143
                Trails...........................................144
                The Slinky.......................................145

                Curving Titles...................................146
                Tumbling 3D Objects..............................147
                Planetary Orbits--Brush Handles..................148
                Scrolling Background.............................149
                Filled Plane Effects.............................151
                        Moving Ground............................151
                        Rolling Horizon..........................151
                Amazing Bouncing Ball............................152
        Tips.....................................................154
                Spacing Tips.....................................156

CHAPTER NINE: REFERENCE..........................................159
        I The Toolbox............................................159
                Built-in Brushes.................................160
                Dotted Freehand Tool.............................160
                Continuous Freehand/Filled Freehand Shape Tool...161
                Straight Line Tool...............................162
                Curve Tool.......................................164
                Fill Tool........................................164
                Airbrush Tool....................................168
                Unfilled/Filled Rectangle Tool...................168
                Unfilled/Filled Circle Tool......................169
                Unfilled/Filled Ellipse Tool.....................170
                Unfilled/Filled Polygon Tool.....................171
                Brush Selector...................................172
                Text.............................................173
                Grid.............................................175
                Symmetry.........................................176
                Magnify..........................................177
                Zoom.............................................177
                Undo.............................................177
                Clr..............................................178
                Color Indicator..................................178
                Palette..........................................178

        II Menu Items............................................179
                1.Picture Menu...................................180
                        Load.....................................180
                        Save.....................................181
                        Delete...................................182
                        Print....................................183
                        Flip.....................................185
                        Change Color.............................185
                        Spare....................................189
                        Page Size................................190
                        Show Page................................191
                        Screen Format............................191
                        About....................................194
                        Quit.....................................194
                2.Brush Menu.....................................194
                        Load.....................................194
                        Save.....................................194
                        Restore..................................195
                        Size.....................................195
                        Flip.....................................196
                        Edge.....................................196
                        Rotate...................................196
                        Change Color.............................197
                        Bend.....................................198
                        Handle...................................198
                3.Mode...........................................200
                4.Anim Menu......................................202
                        Load.....................................202
                        Save.....................................202
                        Move.....................................203
                        Frames...................................206
                        Control..................................207
                        AnimBrush................................209
                        Method...................................210

                5.Effect Menu....................................211
                        Stencil..................................211
                        Background...............................214
                        Perspective..............................214
                6.Prefs Menu.....................................219
                        Coords...................................219
                        Fast FB..................................220
                        Multicycle...............................220
                        Be Square................................220
                        Workbench................................220
                        Excl Brush...............................220
                        AutoTransp...............................221
                        No Icons.................................221
                        AutoGrid.................................222
                7.User Feedback in Menu Bar......................222

        APPENDICES...............................................225
                Appendix A: Memory Management....................225
                Appendix B: Keyboard Commands....................229
                Appendix C: The Player Utility...................235

        INDEX....................................................238

                                INTROCUCTION

DELUXEPAINT III is a graphics tool that can help you create works of art with
an ease and precision that you may never have thought possible. After spending
a little time with this manual,you'll be able to use the program to create
colorful graphics in a fraction of the time it would take using more
traditional techniques. You'll learn how to create perspective effects,how to
create and save your own custom brushes,how to mix your own color palette fom a
universe of 4096 possible colors,and how to create effective on-screen
animations,to name just a few of DeluxePaint III's powerful features.

You don't have to read every word of this manual to become proficient with
DeluxePaint III. We've organized the information so you can quicly learn what
you need to use the program,in a manner best suited to your style and
experience. For example,you can learn by working through the painting tutorials
in Chapter Six,or you can dive right into the program and use Chapter Nine,the
Reference section,to answer any questions that might arise. You should read
"About This Manual" at the end of this introduction,so you'll know where to
find the information you want. After that,feel fee to use the manual as you see
fit. Remember,however,that the more you read,the more you'll get out of this
exciting program. Whatever approach you take,we welcome you to the world of
computer-generated art.

WHAT CAN I DO WITH COMPUTER GRAPHICS?

If you're new to computer graphics,you may wonder what advantages DeluxePaint
III can provide over traditional media. It's a fair question,and here's the
answer. To begin with,DeluxePaint III is not a substitue for every kind of
graphic medium. There'll always be a place for fine oils,watercolors,marble
sculpture,and drafting tools for that matter. What DeluxePaint III can do is
help you create prototypes of your designs more quickly and easily than any
traditional medium,allowing you to move from inspiration to execution in
minutes instead of hours. Indeed,if Leonardo Da Vinci were alive today,he would
probably be using DeluxePaint III to design his masterwords. And his reasons
for using the program would be the same as yours.

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First DeluxePaint III lets you do things that would be difficult,if not
impossible,using traditional methods. For example,you can pick up any part of a
picture and rotate it or flip it to create its mirror image. You can shrink or
expand an image on the screen until it is just the right size,and then place it
where it looks just right. Or you can create a mathematically precise tonal
range for your colors just by specifying the beginning and ending shades and
the number of step in between.

Second,DeluxePaint III is just like a word processor for graphic art. You can
move images from one part of the picture to another,or you can copy an image
and paste it anywhere in your picture. You can create a forest of leaves just
by drawing a single leaf and pasting it throughout your picture,or you can
create clumps of leaves and paste those throughout your picture. In addition,
you can make global changes to your artwork with ease. For example,if you
decide that the blue border around a picture should be red,or that some flesh
tones should contain a darker shade of tan,you can make the changes for the
entire picture at one time,without having to do it element by element. Having
created an element once,you don't need to create it a second time,if all you
want to do is change one or more of its characteristics.

Third,because you can save all your work on disk,you don't have to create
everything from scratch each time you work on a design. And this lets you build
up a library of images or clip art to use in future designs. Because you can
save versions of your picture as you do,you can always return to an earlier
state of a design and pick it up from there,if you like. Finally,because you
can print as many originals of a picture as you need,or make unlimited copies
of your data disks with no degradation from one generation to the next,there
need never be just one original of a picture to lose or spill coffee on.

Because of DeluxePaint III's ability to take you beyond traditional graphic
media,you'll begin developing a "new way of seeing," a new approach to graphic
art. You'll save yourself hours of tedium by finding new and more efficient
ways to create old effects. We will explore some of these techniques in Chapter
Three,but after a little experience you'll probably come up with your own.
DeluxePaint III is the kind of software that invites experimentation,so feel
free to play around with its various tools and effects. Remember,you can't hurt
anything by experimenting with the software,and you may even discover an
artistic side you never knew you had.

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ABOUT THIS MANUAL

If you are new to computers and computer graphics,we suggest you begin with
Chapter Two,"Getting Started". You'll learn how to start DeluxePaint III,how to
load your pictures,and how to quit the program. You'll also learn about some
fundamental DeluxePaint III tools and technizues through simple exercises. If
you are a beginning computer graphics artist,you'll get the most out of the
program by starting there,and then moving to Chapter Three,"A Guided Tour".

If you already have some experience with graphics programs and are familiar
with your Amiga,you may want to begin with Chapter Four,"The Elements",which
describes each of DeluxePaint III's elements and explains how they interrelate.
Each of the six elements(the Brushes,the Screen,the Palette,the Tools,the
Painting Modes,and Text)work together to give you power and versatility. Here
you'll learn how to create your own brushes,how to mix your own palette from a
universe of 4096 colors,how to customize tools,and how to mix text and
graphics.

No matter what your level of expertise,Chapter Six,"Painting Tutorials",will
help you understand some of DeluxePaint III's more complex features. These
tutorials,designed with the assistance of professional graphic artists,
concentrate on the more advanced uses of the program,such as the use of
stencils(or friskets in the parlance of airbrush artists),color mixing,
perspective,and color cycling to create animation effects. The time you invest
working through these tutorials will pay off when interest as you become a
proficient DeluxePaint artist.

If you are already familiar with previous versions of DeluxePaint,Chapter One
"What's New" is for you. That's where we describe the major changes and
improvements in the program. For those of you who prefer to jump straight in
without reading the documentation,Cahpter Nine,the Reference Section can answer
any questions you may have. Chapter Nine documents every one of DeluxePaint's
features by menu item,keyboard command,and tool icon. If you need a quick
reference to any of DeluxePaint III's features,you can find it there.

Finally,we have included a set of appendices to provide you with background
informaion about the program. Appendix A provides information about memory
usage and management;Appendix B supplies a complete list of keyboard


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equivalents for DeluxePaint III commands;and Appendix C offers a brief
description of how to use the program's Player utility with your animations.

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CHAPTER ONE: WHAT'S NEW

If you are already familiar with DeluxePaint II,we doubt that you want to spend
a lot of time reading through this manual,but there are some sections of the
manual you won't want to miss. This chapter briefly describes the major
additions and improvements to the software and directs you to the areas where
you'll find more information. For the straight-forward changes,the best place
to find information quickly is in the Reference section.

THE MAJOR ADDITIONS

These are the big changes in either the software or the manual that every user
should spend some time with.

ANIMATION

Of course,the big news is animation. DeluxePaint III gives you the ability to
paint on multiple frames and then flip the frames to play the animation. You
can create animations by:

        Painting each frame the old fashioned way.
        Painting your brush through three dimensional space with the Move
           requester.
        Painting while the frames flip-we call this animpainting.

You can even pick up an animation as a brush and paint with it! Your brush
works like a little animation,so you can combine many little animations into
big ones with amazing ease. We've included an example "aquarium construction
set" so you can try it out right away.

Where to find more:You'll find information about DeluxePaint III's animation
features in three chapters:Animation Basics,Animation Effects,and Reference. We
strongly recommend that all users work through the two animation chapters for a
step-by-step explanation of the features.

EXTRA HALFBRITE

DeluxePaine III supports Extra Halfbrite display mode and offers a new painting
mode and two Fill Types. The painting mode makes it easy to paint shadows and
highlights in Extra Halfbrite. The Fill Tyes let you paint shapes that shadow

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or highlight and create gradient fills using both the standard colors and their
halfbrite equivalents.

If your Amiga supports Extra Halfbrite,you should definitely check it out.
You'll find information about Extra Halfbrite in the Reference and scattered
through the manual in discussions of screen formats and painting modes.

OVERSCAN PAINTING

DeluxePaint III goes beyond giving you a page that is the right size for an
overscan image. It gives you the ability to paint on an Overscan screen! You'll
love it if you do video work. Just select Overscan in the Choose Screen Format
requester. You'll find some additional information in the Reference and
scattered through the manual in discussions of screen formats.

MORE BRUSH MODES AND FILL TYPES

There are two new brush modes:Tint and Extra Halfbrite. There are also four new
Fill Types:Tint,Brush,Wrap,and Halfbrite.

Finally,there's a new way to fill an area. You can now fill outward to the
background color by holding down the Alt key when you click with the Fill tool.
Here's how it works:change your background color to the color you want as the
boundary for your fill;select the Fill tool;hold down the Alt key;and click
inside the area you want to fill. This is especially useful for filling an area
of many colors,such as a gradient.

You'll find information about all of these features in the Reference and
scattered throughout the manual. You probably don't need to read about them--
give them a try.

FILLED FREEHAND SHAPE TOOL

The Continuous Freehand tool is now divided into the Continuous Freehand tool
and the Filled Freehand Shape tool. You don't need to read about this one,just
use it.

FILLED AND OUTLINED SHAPES

You can now automatically paint filled and outlined shapes by holding down the
Alt key when you click on a Shape tool. DeluxePaint paints your filled shape

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using the current settings in the Fill Type requester and then traces the shape
with your current brush using the settings in the Spacing requester.

IMPROVED PERSPECTIVE DOCUMENTATION

Now that DeluxePaint III lets you animate in three dimensions,power users will
want to use Perspective more than ever. We've changed the Perspective tutorial
and added a chapter,Using Perspective,to help you get started with this
important feature. There is also a new key for moving in the third dimension.
You'll learn about it in the new chapter,in the new tutorial,and in the
Reference.

IMPROVED PRINTING CONTROLS

We've added some extra options for printing that we think some of our users
will find useful. See the Reference for more.

ASSORTED OTHER CHANGES

This is a list of changes you should know about,but probably don't need to read
about beyond this listing. If you do want to know more,you'll find information
about these in the Reference.

FLIPPING PICTURES

You can flip your entire picture horizontally or vertically without having to
pick it up as a brush. See Flip in the Picture menu.

MORE "ABOUT" INFO

The About box now contains more information about your current memory state.

AUTOMATIC OUTLINES

The Brush menu contains an Edge option with commands to add a one pixel outline
to your brush or remove a one pixel outline.

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BRUSH HANDLIES

You can now place the brush handle in any corner or offset from the brush in
any direction. Take a look at the Handle option in the Brush menu.

CHOOSE FONT REQUESTER REPLACED THE FONT MENU

The Font menu is gone and now a simple right mouse button click on the Text
tool brings up a Choose Font requester. The requester lets you choose fonts,
sizes,and styles,and lets you see what the font looks like before you use it.
If you choose a color font,DeluxePaint let's you load the color font palette.
Better yet,you can access fonts in a different drawer or disk without going
through all that loading or assigning nonsense.

STENCILED BRUSHES

In DeluxePaint III,your stencil also affects brush pick-up;the Brush Selection
tool picks up only areas that are not locked by the stencil. This feature helps
you pick up just the right area with ease,and if you want to pick up everything
you can turn the stencil off while you make your selection.

MORE PREFERENCES

The Preferences menu contains a few more options:

AUTOTRANSP(short for Auto Transparency)helps you pick up a brush from any solid
background without picking up the background. If all of the corners of your
selection are the same color,that color is the transparent color instead of the
background color.

NO ICONS lets you save files without icons to save space on your disks.

AUTOGRID lets you choose whether or not your perspective grid is automatically
resized when you select or load a new brush.

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                        PAGE 11 AND 12 BLANK

CHAPTER TWO: GETTING STARTED

This chapter briefly describes the contents of your DeluxePaint package and
what computer hardware and software you will need to use DeluxePaint. Then it
shows you how to:

Organize your disks.
Install DeluxePaint on a hard drive.
Start DeluxePaint.
Open a file.
Quit the program.

SOFTWARE

Your DeluxePaint package contains three disks:

The Program Disk contains the DeluxePaint III program and Preferences.
The Art Disk contains images you can use in your work. These images are stored
in drawers,labeled according to screen format or contents.
The Animation Disk contains a few animation files and animbrushes to give you
some ideas of what you can do with DeluxePaint III's animation features. It
also contains a Player program for playing your animations outside of
DeluxePaint III.(You'll find information about the Player in Appendix C).
Finally,it contains a ReadMe file.

THE README FILE

Before you do anything else,read the ReadMe file on your Animation disk. This
file contains information about the program that was not available before the
manual went to press. To read the ReadMe file:

Double-click on the ReadMe icon.

This opens a text window that,at a minimum,lists the title,version number,and
copyright information about the program. If you need help using the ReadMe file
press h on the keyboard to see a screen of keyboard commands. To exit the
ReadMe file:
                Press q on the keyboard.

                                13

HARDWARE

To use DeluxePaint you will need an Amiga,at least 1 megabyte of random access
memory,a monitor,and extra diskettes for saving your work. Finally,if you
intend to print the files you create,you will need a color printer. Consult
your Amiga Users Guide for information about connecting printers and other
peripherals to the Amiga.

NOTE: If your Amiga has only one disk drive,we recommend that you don't double
click on file icons to start DeluxePaint and load a file. Instead,start
DeluxePaint and then load the file by choosing Load from the appropriate menu.

ORGANIZING YOUR DISKS

We assume that you already know how to initialize disks,copy disks,delete files
and move files from one disk to another. If you are not familiar with all of
these activities,we suggest you consult your Amiga Users Guide before going any
further.

Before you use your DeluxePaint disk,you should make one or more working copies
of it to reduce the chance of anything happening to the original. Also make
sure you have one or more blank initialized disks handy for saving your work.

INSTALLING ON A HARD DISK

If you own a hard drive,you will probably want to install DeluxePaint. The
following steps assume that you started the computer with a standard Workbench
that has been configured properly to support a hard disk. If you wish to
install the program using some other method,feel free to do so.

Create a Drawer named DeluxePaint on your hard disk.

(Click the Empty Drawer icon to select it. Choose Duplicate from the Workbench
menu. In a moment,a new drawer is created called "copy of Empty." Click the
"copy of Empty" drawer to select it. Choose Rename from the Workbench menu.
Press Del several times to erase the drawer name. Type "DeluxePaint" and press
Return. You now have a drawer named DeluxePaint.)

                                14

Insert the DeluxePaint program disk into a disk drive.
Double click the program disk icon to view the contents of the disk.
Click the DeluxePaint icon. Then hold down the Shift key and click the other
icons. You now have the contents of the program disk selected.
Hold down the Shift key and drag the icons so that the one you are pointing to
is directly over the DeluxePaint drawer icon. Release the mouse button. Now the
Workbench copies the three programs into your hard disk drawer.
Replace the program disk with the DeluxePaint art disk. Double click the art
disk icon to view the contents of the disk. Select all of the icons on the art
disk just as you did with the program disk. Drag the icons onto the DeluxePaint
drawer icon on your hard drive the same way you dragged the program icons
above.
Replace the art disk with the animation disk and drag the icons on the
animation disk over to the DeluxePaint drawer just as you dragged the program
icons above.

You now have copies of the DeluxePaint program and the art and animation
drawers on your hard disk.

POWER UP

When you are ready to begin,just follow these instuctions:
Turn on your computer and monitor.(Amiga 1000 users,start by inserting
Kickstart 1.2(or later)disk in the internal drive.)When the request for the
Workbench disk appears on the screen,insert your working copy of DeluxePaint.
The drive spins for a few seconds,and then the DeluxePaint disk icon appears at
the top right hand corner of the screen.
Double click the disk icon(move the pointer onto the icon and press the left
mouse button twice in quick succession)to open the disk window.

                                15

The disk window opens to reveal icons for the DeluxePaint program(the one that
looks like a can of paint)and a number of drawers containing ready made images.

STARTING DELUXEPAINT

Double click the DeluxePaint pogram icon to start the application.

When you start DeluxePaint,the program presents a equester(a window that
require some input from you)inviting you to select a screen format. We'll be
looking at some of these options later,but for now note that three of the
settings are already highlighted("Lo-Res," "32" and "Load All"). These are the
default settings,the ones the program automatically uses unless you specify
othewise.

                        CHOOSE SCREEN FORMAT

         FORMAT:                         NUMBER OF COLORS:
LO-RES           320X200                    2       16
MED-RES          640X200                    4       32
INTERLACE        320X400                    8       64
HI-RES           640X400

  OVERSCAN
        PROGRAM LOADING:
          SWAP   LOAD ALL                       OK

Figure 2.1 Choose Screen Format Requester

Click OK with the left mouse button to tell DeluxePaint to use the default
settings.

This last command brings you to the Painting Screen,with the painting area or
page on the left and the Toolbox and Palette on the right(see Figure 2.2).

                                16

Figure 2.2 DeluxePaint Screen

If this is your first time using DeluxePaint,we recommend you work through the
next chapter,where you will learn how to use many of DeluxePaint's tools and
techniques.

LOADING A PICTURE

Before we leave this chapter,let's see how to load one of the pictures on your
disk. Let's load the one called GORILLA.

Move your cursor to the top of the sceen so that it is over the Title Bar.

Whenever you move the cursor to the Title Bar,the cursor changes into a
pointer.

Press the right mouse button.

The Menu Bar replaces the Title Bar and you see a row of menus. In addition,you
see one of the menus extending down into the painting area.

As you move you pointer from left to right along the Menu Bar,one after another
of the menus extends down,each one displaying its selection of options. We will

                                17

be looking at each menu item in detail later,but fo now we just need to use the
first two options on the leftmost menu,the Picture menu.

With the right button held down,move the pointer all the way to the left on the
Menu Bar to produce the Picture menu options. With the button still held down,
move the pointer down to Load,the first item on the list of options,and release
the button. This displays the Load Picture Requester.

                           LOAD PICTURE

                          SPECIFY DRIVE

DRAWER          lo-res
FILE
DF0:    DF1:    RAM:

    # of Frames:   1

LOAD                    CANCEL

Figure 2.3 Load Picture requester

Insert the Art disk in any disk drive and click the button in the Load
requester to look at the contents of that disk. For example,if you have a two-
floppy system,put the Art disk in your second drive and click the df1: button
to read the contents.

The message "Specify Drive" is replaced by a listing of the contents of your
disk. You'll notice that the first item in the list is / Parent(Dir),which
indicates that there is a directory(or drawer)level above the one you are in.
DeluxePaint automatically opens the drawer for your current display mode the
first time you use the Load Picture requester. Notice that the edit field
beside Drawer in the middle of the requester shows you are looking at the
contents of the lo-res drawer.

You can scroll through these file names(not all of them are always visible at
one time)by dragging the scroll box(the white rectangle within a dark vertical
column on the right side of the requester)up and down. Just point to the scroll
box,press the left mouse button,and drag it up or down. As soon as you release

                                18

the button,the new file names appear in the window.

You can also scroll through the file names one at a time by clicking the up and
down arrows,or you can scroll one page at a time by clicking in the black areas
above and below the scroll box.

Click on the file named Gorilla.

Notice that when you click on the file name the name appears in the edit field
beside File. If you wanted,you could type the file name into the edit field,
though it is usually easier to click it.

Click Load.

The disk drive spins for a few moments,and then the picture appears on the
screen.

QUITTING DELUXEPAINT

To exit DeluxePaint,choose Quit from the Picture menu. If you have made changes
to your document since it was last saved,DeluxePaint will ask whether you want
to save your current changes. If you wish to save your changes before quitting,
click Yes.(You'll find instructions on saving documents in the next chapter.)
To exit without saving your document,click No.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

If you have questions about DeluxePaint,and you can't find the answers in this
manual,our Technical Support department can help. If your question is not
urgent, please write to us at the following address:

        Electronic Arts Technical Support
        P.O. Box 7578
        San Mateo,CA  94403-7578

                                19

Please be sure to include the following information with any correspondence:

Which version of DeluxePaint you are using(You'll find this information in the
About box in the DeluxePaint program.)
Which Amiga model you are using(500,100,2000).
Your Kickstart and Workbench version numbers.
How much random access memory you have installed in your Amiga.
Additional system configuration notes(for example,number of disk drives,type
and make of monitor,printer,etc.)

If you would like to speak to someone directly,call us at [phone] Monday
through Friday between 8:30 am and 4:30 pm PST. Again,please be sure to have
information about your version of DeluxePaint and your computer handy when you
call. This information will help us help you more quickly.

                                20

                        PAGE 21 AND 22 BLANK

CHAPTER THREE: A GUIDED TOUR

DeluxePaint has much to offer any user,whether amateur or professional. If you
are new to computer graphics and to DeluxePaint,this section will introduce you
to the new graphic medium through simple step-by-step exercises. Here you'll
learn how to create some simple designs using the built-in brushes and tools,
and how to save a picture onto a data disk.

THE PAINTING SCREEN

When you start up DeluxePaint and select your screen format,you are presented
with the Painting Screen. Along the top of the screen you see the Title Bar and
along the right side of the screen you see the Toolbox and Paint Set.


Figure 3.1 The Painting Screen

The area to the left of the toolbox is where you work on your pictures. This
area is called the page. The normal page size is the same as the screen size,
but in the next chapter you'll see that you can make the page much larger. When
your page is larger than the screen,you can scoll the page by pressing the
arrow(cursor)keys on the keyboard. When you use the arrow keys,think of them as
moving the screen rather than the picture;pressing the down arrow moves the
screen down,so it looks like the page is moving up.

                                23

THE TITLE BAR

The Title Bar lists the name of the program. It also lists the current brush
mode,and (when you are using those options)the coordinates of the mouse and the
current fill type. At the moment,this information probably doesn't mean
anything to you,but as you become familiar with DeluxePaint,you'll find that
the information in the Title Bar can save you a lot of time.

THE MENUS

The menus in DeluxePaint work just like other Amiga menus:point to the Title
Bar and press the right mouse button to display the Menu Bar. Then,still
holding down the mouse button,point to a menu name to open that menu. Finally,
pull the highlight down to one of the menu options and release the mouse button
to select that option.

THE PALETTE

The lower right corner of the Painting Screen contains the Palette,where you
select the color you want to paint with. The number of colors in the palette
depends on the screen format you are using. You'll learn more about screen
formats and how they affect the number of color available when you read the
next chapter,or you can skip ahead and look in the Reference under Screen Fomat
in the Picture menu.

                                24

Figure 3.2 Toolbox and Palette

THE COLOR INDICATOR

Directly above the Palette is the Color Indicator,a filled circle sitting on a
black rectangle. Notice that the rectangle,the first color in the Palette,and
the page are all the same color. The first color in the palette(black)is the
default background color. If you were to paint with the background color
directly onto the background,it would appear to have no effect,as if you were
putting black paint onto a black canvas. As you'll see in a moment,painting
with the background color is a way of erasing an image on the page.

The circle in the Color Indicator shows the foreground color. This is the color
your brush paints with. You can change this color at any time by clicking one
of the other shades in the Palette with the left mouse button. Try it.

Move the pointer to one of the colors in the palette and click.

Notice that the circle above the Palette changes to show the new foreground
color. Click the other colors and see how the circle changes each time. You can

                                25

do the same things with the background color,by clicking with the right mouse
button.

Move the pointer to one of the colors in the Palette and click the right
button.

Notice that although the rectangle surrounding the circle is now filled with
the new background color,the painting area itself is still the old background
color. This is because DeluxePaint assumes that you want to maintain the old
background color as a "wash" over the new background color,and will keep it
there until you clear the painting area. Try it now.

Click the button labeled CLR directly above the Palette. This clears the screen
of the old background color and replaces it with the new one.

Before you do anything else,let's get acquainted with one of the most important
tools in the Toolbox,the Undo button. Located to the left of the CLR button,the
Undo button will generally "undo" your last painting action.

Click Undo now to bring back the old background color.

Undo reverses your last action,provided there has not been an interventing
mouse click,so if you were to click CLR twice,for example,clicking Undo would
not reverse the clear command.

PAINTING WITH THE MOUSE

Now that you've seen how to choose colors from the Palette,let's put brush to
paper and create our first freeform drawing.

Select a foreground and a background color by clicking with the appropriate
buttons on the palette. Choose contrasting colors,such as blue for the
foreground and light gray for the background.

Click CLR to cover your page with the background color.

                                26

Move the pointer over to the page(where it turns into a cross-hair)and, while
holding down the left mouse button,draw a figue on the screen. Don't worry
about quality for the moment--asquiggly line or a rough circle will do.

Now press the right mouse button and draw over your first figure.

Notice that the right mouse button has the effect of erasing your drawing,
although what you are actually doing is painting over it with the background
color. The rule here is simple:use the left mouse button for painting with the
foreground color,and the right button for painting with the background color.
Notice that this parallels the rule we noted above for selecting colors from
the Palette:select the foreground color by clicking with the right button.

Before we move on,let's scroll the page a bit so you see how this works.

Draw a little scribble on the screen so you'll be able to see it move. Now
press the down arrow on your keyboard to move the screen down to see lower on
the page.

As we mentioned earlier,the page is normally the same size as the screen.
You're able to scroll a little down and to the right now,because the Title Bar
and Toolbox are hiding part of the page.

PICKING COLORS FROM THE SCREEN

So far you've been selecting your colors by clicking the colors in the Palette.
If you like,you can also select your colors directly from the screen. This is
useful if you are working on fine details,or if you are working with many
shades of the same basic color. For example,if you are painting a rose and are
using eight different shades of red,it might be easier to pick the color you
need directly from the screen where you are working.

To do this,click on the Color Indicator and move the pointer back to the
screen. The pointer is labeled "Pick". Point to a color on the screen and click
either the left or the right mouse button to select a new foreground or
background color.(An even easier way to select a color from the screen is to
use the keyboard equivalent. Press the comma(,)key to get the Pick pointer and
then click a color.)

                                27

Practice painting with the mouse for a while and try selecting colors from the
screen. Remember,you can always click Undo to reverse your last action,or CLR
to clear the screen and start afresh. As soon as you're ready,move on to the
next section,where we will be examining DeluxePaint's collection of brushes and
tools.

THE TOOLBOX

  THE BUILT IN BRUSHES

So far you've been painting with the single pixel brush that's selected when
you first load DeluxePaint(a pixel,short for picture element,is the smallest
unit observable on the screen). DeluxePaint includes ten built in brushes:four
round ones,four square ones,and two made up of a number of separate pixels. The
built in brushes are at the very top of the Toolbox.

To select a brush,move the pointer over the brush shape and click with the left
mouse button.

Note that clicking a brush selected,paint as before,using the left button to
draw with the brush color and the right button to draw(or erase)with the
background color.

In the next section we will be looking at the other drawing tools and seeing
how they interact with the brushes.

THE PAINTING TOOLS

The ten icons below the brushes(in two columns of five)control the painting
tools. Because any brush can operate with any given painting tool(except the
Text tool),you have a wide variety of combinations at your fingertips.

                                28

To select a tool,click it with the left mouse button.

We'll describe the tools in order,moving left to right and top to bottom:

THE DOTTED FREEHAND TOOL allows fast freehand drawing. No matter how fast you
draw with this tool,it keeps up with you,making it ideal for sketching out a
shape quickly before concentrating on the intricate details. Note,however,that
the faster you go,the bigger the gaps in your drawing. Once you have roughed
out a shape with the Dotted Freehand Tool,you can then refine your image using
some of the other tools at your disposal. Try drawing with it using some of the
other brushes to get a feeling for how it works.

THE CONTINUOUS FREEHAND/FREEHAND SHAPE TOOL. Because it produces unbroken
lines,but doesn't keep up with you if you draw fast,the Continuous Freehand
tool is better suited for slower,more painstaking drawing. Note,however,that
the smaller the brush,the better it is at keeping up.

Try the Continuous Freehand tool with different brushes and see how brush size
affects speed.

Notice that the Continuous Freehand Tool icon has a diagonal line running from
its top to its bottom left corner. This is because it is actualy two tools in
one the top left one draws unbroken freehand lines,while the one at bottom
right creates freehand shapes filled with the current foreground or background
color.

To create a filled shape:

Click the lower right part of the Continuous Freehand tool and paint any shape.

This time,when you release the mouse button,the shape you paint is filled with
either the foreground or background color,depending on which mouse button you
press when you paint the shape. If you release the mouse button before you
close the shape,DeluxePaint closes the shape for you with a straight line from
your cursor position to where you began the shape.

                                29

THE STRAIGHT LINE TOOL lets you draw straight lines just by clicking and
dragging the mouse. Here's how it works:

First,click on the Straight Line tool to activate it,and then move the cross-
hair to the point on the page where you would like the line to begin.

Now press the left mouse button to anchor the line at that point,and,while
holding the button down,drag the mouse to the point where you want the line to
end.

When you release the button,you have a straight line in your selected brush
color and brush size. Note that you can also draw straight lines with the
background color by using the right mouse button.

THE CURVE TOOL draws curved lines between two points on the painting area. It
works just like the Straight Line tool except that it requires an additional
mouse click to complete the process. Here's how:

Select the Curve tool and anchor the curve by pressing the mouse button. Drag
it to the point where you want the curve to end,and release the button.

Now,as you move the mouse away from the end points,you'll notice that the line
is still "active,"behaving as though it were a rubber band attached to the
cross-hair. Accordingly,the line will curve to follow the cross-hair wherever
you drag it.

As soon as the curve is the right shape,click the mouse button to freeze it at
that position.

With a little practice,you'll be able to make curves of any shape and size,
giving you much more flexibility than any collection of plastic templates with
their limited selection of shapes and sizes. Try joining a series of curves to
make flowing shapes and sizes. Try joining a series of curves to make flowing
shapes with changes in curve direction.

THE FILL TOOL fills any enclosed shape with the current foreground or
backbround color.

To use the Fill tool,click the icon with the left button,move the cursor(which
now looks like a paint can)to an enclosed shape,and click one of the mouse
buttons.

                                30

You can fill the shape with the current foreground color by clicking the left
button,and with the current background color by clicking the right button,and
with the current background color by clicking the right button. Note that the
Fill tool fills all the way to the boundaries of an enclosed shape. If the
shape is not completely enclosed(that is,if there is a hole in the perimeter),
the paint will "leak" through and fill the entire page. If this ever happens,
you can stop the filling process by pressing the Spacebar. This aborts the
current Fill command and returns the screen to its pre-command state.

The paint can spout--the part you must put inside the enclosed shape--is the
small(one pixel)gap at the base of the icon. With careful maneuvering,you can
fill a space as small as one pixel,so long as the point coincides with that
space.

THE AIRBRUSH is a full-featured airbrush with adjustable tips and nozzels. By
using the Airbrush in combination with the different brushes,you can create a
variety of effects,ranging from a fine one-pixel spray to a coarse spray made
with the big brushes. In the following chapter we will see how to adjust the
width of the spray,but for now let's try it as it is.

Click the Airbush icon with the left button,and then try painting with it using
the various brushes.

Try it with the three-and five-pixel brushes,and then try it with the big
brushes. Note that,just like a regular airbrush,if you keep the mouse button
pressed without moving the mouse,the paint continues to build up in one spot.

THE RECTANGLE TOOL lets you draw squares or rectangles,either unfilled or
filled with the current brush or background color. Like the Continuous Freehand
took,the Rectangle tool has a diagonal line running from its top right to its
bottom left corner. Let's try making a few rectangles.

Click the top left half of the icon with the left mouse button. Move the
pointer onto the painting area(where it changes into a large cross-hair),press
the left mouse button to anchor one of the corners of the rectangle,and,while
holding the mouse button down,drag the mouse away from the anchor point.

                                31

You can drag the mouse down and to the right(in which case the first button
press anchors the rectangle's top left corner),or in any other direction you
wish. In any case,the rectangle is completed as soon as you release the button.
Note that it is unfilled and bordered by the current foreground color. You can
also create an unfilled rectangle bordered by the background color by using the
right mouse button. First,click another color on the Palette with the right
mouse button,and then make a rectangle using the right mouse button.

To create a filled rectangle,click the lowe right part of the Rectangle icon
and repeat the procedure above.

This time,the rectangles you create will be filled with either the foreground
or the background color,depending on which mouse button you press when you
create the rectangle.

Incidentally,if you hold down the Shift key as you draw,you can constrain the
rectangle so that its height and width are equal.(Note:because the Amiga's
pixels are not perfectly square,"constrained" rectangles will not appear square
on the screen. You can compensate for this at the printing stage,or by
selecting Be Square from the Prefs menu. See the discussion in the Reference
Section under Prefs menu.)

THE CIRCLE TOOL works like the Rectangle tool,above:

Click the top left part of the icon with the left mouse button to get an
unfilled shape,or the bottom right to get a filled shape. Move to the painting
area,then press and drag with the left button to create a circle with the
current foreground color,or with the right mouse button to create a circle
bordered or filled with the current background color.

Notice that circles are painted from the center outward,so it's easy to put a
circle around anything just by starting to paint from where you want the center
of the circle.

THE ELLIPSE TOOL works just like the Circle tool,except that it is still
"active" after you release the mouse button. Try it.

Click the icon with the left mouse button(remember,top left for unfilled,and
bottom right for filled shapes),move the pointer to the painting area,and draw

                                32

an ellipse by dragging the mouse. Now release the button.

Note that even though you have released the button,the ellipse continues to
change shape as you drag the mouse around.

As soon as your ellipse is just the right shape and size,press down the mouse
button and hold it there.

Now you can rotate your ellipse until it has just the right tilt.

Move your cursor around the ellipse with the mouse button still held down and
watch your ellipse rotate. When it is in just the right position,release the
mouse button.

When you complete your ellipse,the small cross-hair changes into the large
cross-hair to let you know that DeluxePaint is ready for the next ellipse.

THE POLYGON TOOL lets you keep drawing straight lines until you have created a
closed figure. Here's how it works:

Click the Polygon tool with the left mouse button,move the cross-hair into the
painting area and click the button once to anchor the starting point of your
polygon,and then a second time to complete the first line,as if you were using
the Straight line tool.

You will notice that your cross-hair is still connected to the first line by a
second straight line.

Click the button again to finish that line,and so on until you have completed
your polygon.

The polygon is completed as soon as you click the button with the cross-hair on
your starting point. If you are creating a filled polygon,it will be filled
with the current foreground color if you complete the figure with a left button
click,and the current background color if you complete it with a right button
click.

Because it can sometimes be a little tricky to end up on the exact pixel you
started with,you can complete a polygon at any time by pressing the Spacebar.

                                33

This automatically connects the last anchored point to the point of origin
and,if it is a filled polygon,fills it with the current foreground color.

Try drawing some five-pointed stars with the filled Polygon tool and see what
happens.

ANYTHING CAN BE A BRUSH

We'll skip over the rest of the tools in the toolbox for now,except one. (The
remaining tools will be covered in Chapter Four:The Elements.) The icon just
below the Ellipse is the Brush Selector,a special tool that is an essential
part of DeluxePaint's versatility. With the Brush Selector,anything can be a
brush--any piece of artwork or text you put on the screen.

To see it in action,click the Brush Selector,then move the cursor over to the
painting area.

Notice that your cursor is now a large cross-hair that reaches to the edges of
the screen. Select one of the stars you made earlier by following the next
step.

Put the center of the cross-hair to the upper left of the star. Then,while
holding down the left mouse button,drag the cursor to the lower right of the
star,as if you were using the Rectangle tool to enclose the star in a box.
Release the mouse button.

When you release the mouse button,the cursor now has a copy of the star
attached to it. This second star is your new brush!

To stamp a star in a new location,click the left mouse button. There's no need
to stop with one--go ahead and star-spangle the screen.

We will be covering this powerful feature in greater depth in Chapter Four.
However,there is one aspect of brush selection you should be aware of:if any
parts of your brush consist of the current background color,those parts will be
transparent. In other words,whenever you pick up a brush,it's as if you are
picking up only the non-background colors;any background colors in the brush
will remain invisible even after you change to a new background color. This

                                34

means that you can create brushes with intricate outlines without fear of
picking up a rectangle of the surrounding background color.

Let's try one more trick.

Click the Brush Selector again and select a star from the painting area,but
this time use the right mouse button to drag the cross-hair over the star.

Unlike the last exercise,which yielded two stars--one unmoving original,plus
the one on your brush--this time you are picking up and moving just the one
star. While the first feature lets you copy and move anything on the screen,the
second lets you move images from one part of the screen to another,while
leaving no trace behind.

SAVING YOUR WORK

Before we move on to the next chapter,where we'll be looking at DeluxePaint's
basic elements,let's see how to save the pictures(or "files")you create. We'll
begin by saving whatever you drew in the preceding sections.

First,move the pointer up to the Menu Bar and to the left to the Picture Menu.
Press the right mouse button to extend the menu,and then select Save.

You are presented with the Save Picture requester.

                        SAVE PICTURE

                         SPECIFY
                          DRIVE


DRAWER          LO-RES
FILE
DF0:    DF1:    RAM:

SAVE                                CANCEL

Figure 3.3. Save Picture requester

                                35

Notice that the Save Picture requester is just like the Load Picture requester
in almost every respect. It is through the Save Picture requester that you
provide DeluxePaint with the information it needs to save your files.

The bottom half of the Save Picture requester consists of the additional
information DeluxePaint needs in order to save the file in its proper
classification. The first of these,Drawer,tells DeluxePaint which drawer to
save the file in. By using drawers to classify your pictures,you can keep
related images together,in the same way you keep related papers together in one
file folder. For example,the setting might be df0:lo-res,which means that the
drawer exists on a disk in the internal drive("df0:")and that the drawer is
named "lo-res". Directly below this box is one labeled File. This is where you
enter the name of your picture the first time you save it.

If you want to save your current creation,this is your chance to do so.

Insert a blank,formatted disk in any drive. Click the button for the drive that
contains the blank disk. Now click anywhere in the File gadget,type in the name
you have chosen for your new file,and click Save.

The disk drive will spin for a few moments;when the red light goes out,the file
is saved.

The next time you save this file(it's a good idea to save work in progress
every 15 minutes or so,so that a power failure or other breakdown doesn't turn
hours of work into a bitter memory),the Save Requester uses this same
information,which means you won't need to type anything more unless you want to
change the file name,if you want to save each version as a separate file. In
that case,you would click the File gadget as before,backspace over the old
filename(or over those parts you wish to change)and type in the new name. Or
you could just keeping adding suffixes,such as 1,2,3,etc.,to signify succeding
versions.

You can specify drawer names in the same way: click in the Drawer gadget,
backspace over the old name,and type in the new name. You can open any drawer
already on the disk,but you cannot create one from the Save Requester. See your
Amiga User Guide for information on creating new drawers.

                                36

LOOKING AHEAD

Before you move on to the next chapter,or off on your own to explore
DeluxePaint,we want to show you a few of the interesting and powerful features
of the program. You'll find more information about these features in other
chapters of the manual. Perhaps this brief demonstration will pique your
curiosity enough to make you read some more.

NIGHT AND DAY

This section demonstrates a little of what you can do by customizing your
palette. You'll see how to customize your palette. You'll see how to customize
your palette in the next chapter,but for now,we'll look at one of the effects
you can create.

Insert the Art disk in any drive. Choose Load from the Picture menu. Click the
drive button for the drive that contains the Art disk,for example,df1:. Scroll
down until you see the Tutorial drawer. Click on the Tutorial drawer and load
the file named Seascape.

Take a few moments to examine the picture carefully. Note,for example,that the
palette is different from the one we were using before. This is because the new
picture comes with its own Palette,which supersedes the old one. You can revert
to the default Palette at any time through a simple menu selection. Let's try
it now and see what happens.

Pull down the Picture menu and drag the pointer down to Change Color. When you
do,you will see a secondary menu appear to the right of the selected option.
With the button still held down,move the pointer to the right and down the
secondary menu until the option Default Palette is highlighted,and then release
the button.(In the future,we'll describe choosing from a submenu in a simpler
form: Choose Change Color>Default Palette from the Picture menu.)

Did you see what happened? The new Palette was replaced by the default Palette,
making the picture change from night to day! If you want to restore the
original Palette,choose Change Color>Restore Palette from the Picture menu.
This is just one example of the many ways you can make global(and dramatic)
changes to a picture with just one action.

                                37

FIXING THE BACKGROUND

This section shows one a very powerful feature that lets you paint on your
picture without fear of accidentally messing it up.

With the Seascape picture on your screen,choose Background>Fix from the Effect
menu.

What you have just done is remarkably simple,and yet remarkably powerful. You
have fixed the picture onto the background so that it cannot be removed. Try
it.

Click CLR and see what happens. That's right--nothing.

The picture is fixed,which means you can draw over it anyway you like.

Select a thick brush and scrawl on the picture. Do it with the airbrush if you
like. Then scrawl using the right mouse button and see what happens.

When you have the background fixed,painting with the right mouse button is
truly erasing! Note that you can paint on the picture and then fix the
background again to fix the new version. You can erase everything you painted
since the last fix with a single mouse click. And you can "unfix" the
background as easily as you fixed it:just choose Background>Free from the
Effect menu. This restores everything back to normal,so that clicking CLR
clears the entire picture.

We'll look more closely at this feature in the next chapter when we look at
custom brushes and the way they interact with the background. Meanwhile,feel
free to experiment further with this feature. Art restorers should have it so
easy.

                                38

ANIMPAINTING

We realize that you may have just started painting on a computer for the first
time. But we'll take a daring leap forward to show you animating on a computer.
Right now we'll show you a special kind of painting on multiple frames. Just
follow the steps carefully,and you'll see some wonderful results.

Choose AnimBrush>Load from the Anim menu. Insert the Animation disk in any
drive and click the drive button for that drive. Click on the file named Bird
and click load.

When the requester closes,you'll have an animbrush of a bird attached to your
cursor. An animbrush is special in that it is made up of many cels(short for
cellophanes)that flip as you paint.

Click the brush down once.

Notice that now your brush looks different. Each time you click the button the
brush moves to the next cel.

Click the brush down again. Then go ahead and paint freehand across the screen
to see all of the cels of the animbrush.

ANIMATION FRAMES

Above,we had you painting with an animbrush on a single screen. Now let's look
at what happens if you paint one cel of the brush on each of several screens.
This is one way to create animations in DeluxePaint III.

Select light blue as your background color and clear the screen.

Choose Frames>Set # from the Anim menu.(The Set Frame Count requester appears.)
Enterr 20 in the Count field.(You do this by clicking at the right end of the
field,backspacing over the existing number,and typing the new number.)Click OK.

In a flash,you have 20 animation frames to paint on. Notice the numbers 1/20 on
the left side of the Title Bar. This tells you that you are on frame 1 of 20
frames. Without further ado,let's paint!

                                39

ANIMPAINTING

Animpainting is simply the process of painting at the same time the animation
frames flip. In most ways it is like regular painting,since DeluxePaint flips
the frames for you.

Select the Straight Line tool. Hold down the Left Amiga key(the Commodore key
on Amiga 500's),click the button and draw out a line from left to right across
the screen.

When you let go of your line,you'll see DeluxePaint paint your brush on each
frame of your 20 animation frames.

When DeluxePaint is finished painting,press the 5 key at the top of the
keyboard.

You'll see the bird fly. Press the 4 key if you want to see your animation play
continuously. Press Spacebar to stop the animation.

IN THIS CHAPTER YOU:

Painted with the mouse using several painting tools.
Created custom brushes.
Learned how to save your work.
Took a quick peek at palette changes,fixed backgrounds,animbrushes,and
animpainting.

Right now you might want to take a break,but once you feel up to it,be sure to
work through the next chapter,where you'll learn how to modify tools and work
with many other powerful features of DeluxePaint.

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                        PAGE 41, AND 42 ARE BLANK

                        CHAPTER FOUR: THE ELEMENTS

In this chapter we examine the fundamental "elements" that make up DeluxePaint.
If you have some experience with computer graphics software,you may want to use
this chapter to learn how DeluxePaint handles features you may have encountered
in other programs. As with any other part of this manual,however,you should
feel free to skip around and read only those sections that interest you at the
time.

We have classified the elements as follows:

The Custom Brushes examines DeluxePaint's custom brush capabilities. This part
looks at the various techniques available for modifying a brush.

The Screen deals with all those techniques that affect the entire DeluxePaint
screen,such as switching pages,magnifying and zooming,gridding,symmetry,and
screen resolutions.

The Palette looks at DeluxePaint's color mixing and color cycling capabilities.

The Tools looks at advanced tool techniques,and shows how to modify some of the
standard tools to create just the right tool for the job.

The Painting Modes deals with the various ways you can apply paint to a page or
affect paint that is already there.

Text shows how to select fonts,how to enter text,and how to move it about the
page.

Keyboard Equivalents takes a quick look at keyboard equivalents and how you can
use them with the mouse button down.

WHAT YOU'LL NEED

To complete the examples in this section,you'll need your working copies of the
DeluxePaint program disk and art disk. If you want to save your work,you'll
need an initialized disk with a fair amount of available space for saving large
files.

                                43

To begin this section,start DeluxePaint and use the default screen format
settings. If you already have the program running,we recommend that you restart
so that the tools and option settings are all set to their defaults.

1 THE CUSTOM BRUSHES

As we saw in the Guided Tour in Chapter Three,DeluxePaint's "anything can be a
brush" feature lets you select any image on the screen and define it as a
brush. Thus,you can keep a selection of images on the spare page and move them
over to the main page by picking them up as brushes. In addition,you can load
and save brushes as though they were pictures.

CREATING A RECTANGULAR BRUSH

To create a brush out of an on-screen image:

Click the Brush selector with the left mouse button.(The icon becomes
highlighted but does not change shape.)

Hold down the mouse button and drag the large cross-hair to form a rectangle
around the image you want to pick up. When you release the mouse button,an
exact copy of the image is attached to your arrow cursor.

You can now paint with your new brush or use it to create filled or unfilled
shapes,just as you would with any of the built-in brushes.

You can drag the Brush Selector cross-hair around an on-screen image using
either the left or the right mouse button. As we have already seen,when you use
the left button,DeluxePaint makes a duplicate of the image and attaches it to
the arrow cursor,while leaving the original image in place on the page. We also
saw that if you use the right mouse button to surround the image,the image
itself becomes the brush,as if the original image had been lifted up off the
page. This technique provides an ideal method for picking up objects and moving
them around the page as you experiment with different compositions.

                                44

In particular,the combination of right-button brush selection and Fix
Background(which we covered briefly in the Guided Tour)lets you lift any
complex shape off a fixed background(provided the shape was applied after the
background was fixed),without lifting up any of the background. DeluxePaint
preserves in memory all those parts of a fixed background that are covered by
unfixed shapes,which means that you can move the shapes around the page and
uncover the previously hidden background.

CREATING AN IRREGULAR SHAPED BRUSH

As we saw earlier,clicking the Brush Selection tool once with the left button
lets you draw a rectangle around any image on the page. Clicking it a second
time lets you corral any image,thereby letting you pck up shapes from a
"crowded" background. To corral an image:

Click the Brush Selector tool twice.(The icon becomes highlighted and changes
to a polygon shape to show that you have the polygon brush selector.

Click around the shape you wish to define,just as if you were describing a
polygon around it with the Polygon tool(see "The Toolbox" in Chapter Three). As
soon as you complete the polygon,the complex shape becomes your new brush.

Note that the left button-right button convention works here as well:corralling
the shape with the left button duplicates the shape,while corralling with the
right button lifts it up off the background. Note also that this corralling
function works just like the Polygon tool in one more important respect:
pressing the Spacebar completes the polygon for you,so you don't have to search
for the starting pixel in order to complete it.

THE TRANSPARENT COLOR

When you pick up a custom brush(with either the left or right button),some
parts of your brush may be transparent. There are two rules for determining
which color is transparent:

                                45

If AutoTrans is turned off(the default setting),or if any one corner of the
brush is a different color from the others,the current background color is
transparent.

If AutoTransp in the Prefs menu is turned on and every corner of your brush is
the same color,that color is transparent.

Let's see how these two rules work in practice with a couple of brief examples.

To set up for our example,click Color 1(black)with the right mouse button to
make it the background color,click CLR to clear your screen,and then scrawl
randomly over the screen with any colors and the Dotted Freehand Tool.

THE BACKGROUND COLOR IS TRANSPARENT

Now you should have a black screen with several colors scrawled over it and
Color 1(black)is your background color.

Click the Brush Selector icon,move the cross-hair to the painting and select a
rectangular area that contains some black.

When you release the mouse button,you'll have a brush in which the black areas
are transparent because black was the background color(as shown in the Color
Indicator)when you selected the brush. Move the brush around to confirm this:
the painting shows through the areas where there used to be black. Any parts of
the brush that consisted of background color when the brush was first created
remain transparent,even after you change background colors. But if you want to
change the transparent color,you can do that to,we'll show you that in a
moment.

THE CORNER COLOR IS TRANSPARENT

Now let's see what happens when you select an area with all corners the same
color.

Display the Prefs menu and choose the AutoTransp option.(Display the menu again
to confirm that AutoTransp now has an asterisk(*)beside it. This means that it
is on.)

Click the Brush Selector twice to get the polygon selector. Select an
irregularly shaped area by clicking to form a polygon of any shape.

                                46

Make sure that you alwasy click on the same color,but not on black(since this
is the background color and won't illustrate what we want to see).

When you release the mouse button,you'll have a brush in which the color you
clicked on is transparent because you have AutoTransp turned on,and all corners
of your brush were the same color.

We used the polygon Brush selector for our example,but the AutoTransp option is
especially useful for picking up a shape from any solid background without
having to change the current background color.

CHANGING THE TRANSPARENT COLOR

You can change which color in your brush is transparent by choosing a new
background color and then choosing Change Color>Change Transparency from the
Brush menu. Let's try a quick example.

Click the Brush Selector and select a rectangular area that contains some of
the current background color so that your brush has some transparent areas.

Choose a new background color by clicking in the Palette with the right mouse
button.

Notice that simply changing the current background color does not change the
transparent areas of your brush. You accomplish that with the next command.

Choose Change Color>Change Transparency from the Brush menu.

The transparent areas of your brush change from the areas of the original
background color to the areas of the current background color. You can do this
as many times as you like to change transparent areas.

                                47

A BRUSH IS A LITTLE PICTURE

You can treat brushes just like full pictures. Brushes even have their own menu
(the Brush menu,the second one from the left),from which you can Load and Save
Brushes just as you can other pictures. When you load a saved brush,it comes
equipped with its own palette,the one that was in effect when the brush was
first saved. If the current picture is using a palette different from that of
the newly-loaded brush,you can change the current palette to the brush's
palette by selecting Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu. On
the other hand,if you want to use the newly-loaded brush with the curent
palette,select Change Color>Remap from the Brush menu. The other items in the
Brush menu let you resize,reshape,and recolor brushes in various ways. See
Tutorial Two for a series of exercises using items from the Brush menu.

Your DeluxePaint disk contains a number of saved brushes,in addition to the
ones used in the tutorials. Let's load one now just to see how it works:

Select Load from the Brush menu. Insert the Art disk into any drive and click
the drive button for that drive in the requester. Click the file named Bobsled
and click Load.

The Bobsled brush is attached to your cursor,but it's colors are not correct.
Choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu. Now paint with the
brush.

Do you see why this brush is called Bobsled? Feel free to experiment with some
of the saved brushes. Select Use Brush Palette whenever you load a brush to
ensure that you are seeing it as it was when it was saved. You might also try
the one called "Fireworks,"but this time select MultiCycle from the Prefs menu
and Cycle from the Mode menu,and then press the Tab key before you start
drawing it. "Fireworks" comes complete with color cycling information,and is a
spectacular example of the power of this feature. See Tutorial One for more
demonstrations of color cycling.

                                48

ADDITIONAL FEATURES

The following are some additional features relating to custom brushes:

HANDLE

This feature,which is available from the Brush menu,allows you to specify
whether your cursor will sit at the center of your custom brush,or at one of
its corners. In the default setting the arrow cursor sits at the center of the
custom brush. When you select Corner from the Handle submenu,the brush handle
moves to the lower right-hand corner of the brush. Each successive choice of
the Corner option moves the handle to a different corner.

Once you have selected Corner,the brush handle attaches itself to the ending
corner when you enclose a brush. For example,if you pick up your brush by
dragging downward from left to right,the brush handle will attach itself to the
lower right-hand corner,whereas if you pick up the brush by dragging upward
from right to left,the handle will attach itself to the top left-hand corner.

The Handle feature becomes important when you enter perspective mode(see below)
because you can rotate a brush about its handle,whether the handle is at the
center or on one of the corners.

PERSPECTIVE

DeluxePaint's Perspective feature(in the Effect menu)lets you rotate a brush
about any of the three axes of three-dimensional space to define a plane of
operation,and then work within that plane to create perspective effects.
Perspective is a big subject to cover,so we've provided an entire chapter to
cover it,Working with Perspective. If you are interested in 3D painting or in
3D animation,be sure to work though Chapter Five: Using Perspective.

FAST FB

With Fast FB selected(in the Prefs menu),lines,filled shapes,and unfilled
shapes are drawn with a single pixel line instead of the full custom brush
until you finish drawing,at which point your shape is repainted with the custom
brush. Try painting an unfilled rectangle both ways to see how Fast FB works.

                                49

2 THE SCREEN

Some of DeluxePaint's features affect the entire screen,while others,such as
the tools and the brushes,affect the screen selectively. This section considers
those features that have a screen-wide effect.

HIDING THE TOOLS AND THE MENU BAR

DeluxePaint lets you paint on the entire screen,even under the Toolbox and the
Menu Bar.

To remove these two items from the screen,press the F10 key. This removes them
both if they are present. Press F10 a second time to bring them back.

To hide just the Menu Bar(or to bring it back,if it's hidden),press F9.

Note that you can still access the Menu Bar even while it's invisible.

Move the cursor to the top of the screen(except the upper left corner)and press
the right mouse button to display the Menu Bar. You can now select any menu
item in the regular fashion.

You can access the tools as well,even with the Toolbox hidden,through the
keyboard equivalents. See your Reference Card for a list of keyboard commands.

MAGNIFYING AND ZOOMING

You can magnify any section of your work,and view it alongside the standard-
sized image. To magnify a section of your work,

Click the Magnify icon(the one that looks like a magnifying glass,above the
Undo icon). When you move the cursor onto the page,it becomes a rectangular
outline. Move the outline to the part of the image you want to magnify and
click the left button.

                                50

The part of the image included in the rectangle now appears magnified on the
right part of the screen. You can now carry out any functions on either side of
the screen using any of the tools in the Toolbox. You can scroll around your
image using the four arrow keys;this moves the image around under the
"magnifying glass." In addition,by pointing your cursor anywhere on the
unmagnified portion of the screen and pressing the n key,you can magnify that
part of the picture.

Once you have magnified a part of your picture,you can increase or decrease the
amount of magnification by clicking the Zoom tool.

Click the Zoom icon with the left mouse button to increase the magnification,
and click it with the right button to reduce the magnification.

DeluxePaint's Magnify and Zoom tools let you carry out precision work on your
pictures by magnifying each pixel up to 400 times its original size.

To quit magnify mode,click the Magnify icon a second time.

GRIDS

The Grid lets you apply paint on the page in accordance with an invisible grid
and restricts your painting tools to the grid points. To draw on a grid:

Click the Grid icon with the left mouse button,then click the Dotted Freehand
tool. Now paint on the screen.

With Grid and the Dotted Freehand tool selected,you can paint only on the
points of the grid,making it easy to fill the screen with a polka-dot pattern
(we'll see other methods for pattern design later).

You can also control the spacing between the points.

Click the Grid icon with the right mouse button to bring up the Gridding
requester. You can now set the spacing for both the X and the Y coordinates by
typing in the actual spacing in the calibration boxes.(Note that the spacing is
calibrated in pixels.)Click in the X-spacing text box,Delete or Backspace to

                                51

remove the existing value,and then type in the new value--try 20. Do the same
with the Y-spacing. Click OK.

Now try painting on the new grid with the Dotted Freehand tool to see how the
grid has changed.

                GRIDDING

X-SPACING                 8
Y-SPACING                 8

ADJUST
CANCEL                    OK

Figure 4.1 Gridding requester

You can also recalibrate the gridding by using a visual method(as opposed to
the above text entry method):

Click the Grid Tool with the right mouse button to display the requester. Click
Adjust in the requester.(You are returned to the page with a cursor that looks
like a matrix. This matrix represents the current grid values in graphic form.)
To change the values,press and hold down the left mouse button,drag the mouse
until the matrix is the desired size and shape,and then release the button.

If you are in perspective mode and you click the grid icon with the right
button,you will see the Perspective requester. This requester lets you set a
grid for three-dimensional space and also lets you choose other Perspective
settings.(See Chapter Five: Using Perspective or the description in the
Reference of the Perspective>Settings option in the Effect menu.)

                                52

SYMMETRY

The Symmetry tool lets you paint symmetrically over the entire page at the same
time. To paint symmetrically:

Click the Symmetry tool with the left mouse button. Paint whatever you like
using the Dotted Freehand tool.

With symmetry selected,your brush is made up of a number of mirror images of
itself. As you move the bush around,all the mirror images move as well,
producing an effect much like that of a kaleidoscope. When you paint in
symmetry mode,you are laying down a number of identical mirror images about a
fixed origin. In all cases except the Dotted and Continuous Freehand tools,the
mirror images are drawn after you release the mouse button. With the Dotted and
Continuous Freehand tools,all the images are drawn at the same time.

You can change the settings for the type of symmetry you use by clicking the
Symmetry tool with the right mouse button. This brings up the Symmetry
Requester. You'll find a brief explanation of each of the options in the
Symmetry requester in the Reference section of this manual. For now,if you feel
adventurous,try changing the settings and painting with different shapes.

          SYMMETRY

POINT           TILE
CYCLIC          MIRROR
ORDER:          6
                PLACE
CANCEL          OK

Figure 4.2 Symmetry requester

Because the Tile lets you create an entire pattern just by drawing one of its
elements,it is an ideal tool for textile designers. Together with Pattern Fill
(discussed below),Tile can make a textile designer's life considerably easier.

                                53

THE PAGES

DeluxePaint gives you two separate and relatively independent pages to work
with. You can use one of the pages for creating background images,and the other
for creating foreground images. You can then move parts from one page to the
other,or within each page until the composition is just right. As we shall see
in a moment,the two pages are not entirely independent. For one thing,they
share a common Palette,almost as if they were the same picture.

SWITCHING PAGES

When you first open a new file or load a picture from disk,DeluxePaint opens
one of the two pages.

To move from one page to the other,choose Spare>Swap from the Picture menu,or
press the j key.

When you do,you will notice that the Palette you were using in the first page
follows you to the second page. This means that if you modify the Palette for
one page and then switch to the other page,you end up modifying the second
page's Palette as well. Note,however,that although the two pages share the same
palette,you can have a different background color on each page. Because the
background color is transparent,however(see discussion under The Custom brushes,
above)any part of a brush consisting of background color will remain
transparent even if you move it to the spare page with a different background
color.

In addition,because the Toolbox is not really part of the page(but actually
sits "above" it),whatever tools you had selected before you switched will still
be selected after you switch pages. This way,you can retain the same tool
settings,giving you continuity as you work. Note that this continuity rule does
not apply to the Fix Background and Stencil commands,which do not carry over
from one page to the other. See the following section for information on fixing
the background,and Tutorial Three in the next chapter for exercises involving
the Fix Background and Stencil features.

                                54

PAGE SIZE

DeluxePaint lets you work on page sizes ranging from 320 pixels wide by 200
pixels high,to 1008 pixels by 1008 pixels,depending on memory available. In
addition to the three preset page sizes(Standard;Full Page;Overscan),
DeluxePaint lets you specify any height and width through the Set Page Size
requester. Todisplay this requester,choose Page Size from the Picture menu.

If you are working on a page size larger than the screen,you can preview the
entire page at any time by selecting the Show Page command from the Picture
menu. You can return to your current page by clicking either mouse button.

SCROLLING THE PAGE

If you are working on a page that is larger than the screen,you'll want to
scroll it at some point. You can do this with the arrow(cursor)key,but there is
also a better way: place your cursor over the area you want to move to the
center of the screen and press the n key. If the page can scroll that far,the
area under your cursor will be centered in the screen. If the page isn't big
enough to center the area,it will move as far as possible. Try it.

SCREEN RESOLUTIONS

DeluxePaint gives you a total of four different screen resolutions,with the
ability to switch from one to another even during a single work session. Be
aware,however,that changing screen formats in the middle of a job can result in
loss of information(such as your current brush,the spare page,the last
requester used,etc.),so it is important to save your work before changing
screen formats. You should develop the habit of saving your work every 15 or 20
minutes in any case,but it becomes especially important to do so if you are
about to change formats.

As we noted in the Guided Tour above,you are given the opportunity to select a
screen format each time you start DeluxePaint,through the Choose Screen Format
requester. In addition,you can display the Choose Screen Format requester at

                                56

any time by selecting Screen Format from the Picture menu. Each screen format
has its own limitations and memory requirements.

                        CHOOSE SCREEN FORMAT

        FORMAT:                                 NUMBER OF
                                                  COLORS:
LO-RES          320x200                         2       16
MED-RES         640x200                         4       32
INTERLACE       320x400                         8       64
HI-RES          640x400
   OVERSCAN
        PAGE SIZE:  SCREEN    KEEP SAME

CANCEL                                          OK

Figure 4.3 Screen Format requester

3 THE PALETTE

This section introduces you to the basics of the Color Palette. You can learn
about the Color Palette requester by working through the tutorials in the next
chapter or by reading the relevant parts of the Reference section(see Change
Color in the Picture menu).

THE COLOR PALETTE REQUESTER

The Color Palette Requester lets you mix your own custom set of up to 32 colors
from a universe of 4096. DeluxePaint lets you mix colors using either RGB(Red,
Green,Blue)or HSV(Hue,Saturation,Value)color systems.

To display the Color Palette requester,either choose Change Color>Palette from
the Picture menu,or click the Color Indicator with the right mouse button.

                                56

        COLOR PALETTE

15      R  G  B  H  S  V
12
 8
 4
 0
        SPREAD  EX  COPY
RANGE:      1  2  3  4  5  6
SPEED
CANCEL          UNDO    OK

Figure 4.4 Color Palette Requester

You can modify the currently selected color on any of the six variables (R,G,B,
or H,S,V)by dragging the appropriate slider up or down its range. As you do so,
note that the two sets of variables are related--for example,as you move the
RGB sliders,the HSV sliders respond accordingly.

ARRANGING COLORS IN THE PALETTE

Ex(for "Exchange")and Copy let your swap or copy colors from one part of the
Palette to another.

To exchange the position of two colors:click a color,click Ex,and then click a
second color.(The two colors will change places on the Palette.)

To copy a color over another: Click a color,click copy,and click a second
color.(The first color will be copied onto the second.)

By letting you place colors anywhere on the Palette,these two functions make it
easier to create the color spreads you need for your work.

CREATING SPREADS

The Color Palette Requester lets you create color spreads to give you subtle
shades of the same hue or equally spaced gradations across hues.

To create a spread of colors,click the first color for your spread,click
Spread,and then click the last color for the spread.

                                57

DeluxePaint looks at the first and last colors in the spread and at the number
of steps in between,and then calculates the series of intervening shades. For
example,if your first color is blue and your last color is yellow,DeluxePaint
calculates the intervening shades and hues,to give you a series of blues,blue-
greens,greens,yellow-greens,and yellows. Unlike traditional color mixing,if
your modifications are not to your satisfaction,you can always reverse the last
change by clicking Undo,or you can cancel all the changes you made by clicking
Cancel.

DEFINING RANGES

The Color Palette Requester's Range fuction plays an important role in several
DeluxePaint features,in particular,Color Cycling,Gradient Fill,and some
Painting Modes. Color Cycling and Gradient Fill are treated extensively in the
tutorials in Chapter Six,and you'll find information about Painting Modes later
in this chapter and in the Reference.

You can define up to six color ranges and assign a cycling speed and range
direction to each. You define each range in much the same way you create color
spreads:

Click the number button for the range you want to define.(The number button
becomes highlighted.) Click the first color in the range,click Range,and then
click the last color in the range.

Your range is indicated by a bracket to the left of the colors in the range.

THE COLOR PALETTE AND SCREEN FORMATS

DeluxePaint contains a universe of 4096 colors,from which you can use up to 32
at any given time. The maximum number of colors available in each format is
listed below. The number of colors you can have at any time depends on
available memory;if your page is large or you have a large brush,you may not be
able to choose the maximum number of colors.

LO-RES          32(64 if your computer supports Extra Halfbrite).
MED-RES         16
INTERLACE       32(64 if your computer supports Extra Halfbrite).
HI-RES          16

                                58

See the Reference for information on the various screen formats. See also
Appendix A:Memory Management for more information on memory usage.

4 THE TOOLS

DeluxePaint's painting tools are available through the Toolbox,the panel on the
right-hand side of the screen. As we have already seen,you can activate any
tool by clicking its icon with the left mouse button. A tool remains active(and
its icon highlighted)until you select another tool or,in some cases,deselect it
by clicking the icon a second time. Examples of the latter kind of tool are the
Grid and the Symmetry and Magnify tools,which are toggled on and off by each
mouse click.

MODIFYING TOOLS

In most cases,clicking a tool icon with the right mouse button lets you modify
some fundamental aspect of that tool. The following summarizes the effects of
right-button mouse clicks on the tools in the Toolbox:

THE BUILT-IN BRUSHES You can change the size of any of the built-in brushes at
the top of the Toolbox.

To change the size of a built-in brush:click the brush with right mouse button,
move the cursor over to the painting area,hold down either mouse button and
drag diagonally.

You can do this not only to the eight solid brushes,but also to the three-and
five-pixel brushes below them.

THE AIRBRUSH You can adjust the Airbrush's nozzle by clicking the Airbrush icon
with the right mouse button.

Click the Airbrush with the right mouse button. Move the cursor to the painting
area. Hold down the left mouse button and drag diagonally to adjust the size of
the solid circle,which represents the spray area.

                                59

STRAIGHT LINE,CURVE,AND UNFILLED SHAPE TOOLS A right-button click on any of
these tools brings up the Spacing requester.

        SPACING
N TOTAL         20
EVERY NTH DOT    8
AIRBRUSH
CONTINUOUS

CANCEL          OK

Figure 4.5 Spacing requester

The Spacing requester lets you control the distance between "splats" in your
lines. This lets you choose whether a line is continuous or dotted. If you want
a dotted line,you can define the line in terms of the total number of dots (N
Total)or by the number of pixels between dots(Every Nth dot). You can also
choose Airbrush to use the Airbrush tool with any of the tools that use the
Spacing requester. This is especially useful for smooth airbrushed curves and
vircles.

Figure 4.6 Circle drawn with different settings in the Spacing requester.

FILL AND SHAPE TOOLS Clicking any of these icons with the right mouse button
brings up the Fill Type requester. This requester lets you choose one of
several fill types for your fills and filled shapes. Many features of the Fill
Type Requester are covered in both Tutorials One and Two and in the Reference
Section.

BRUSH SELECTOR Clicking the Brush Selector with the right mouse button restores
the last custom brush. Thus,if you had created a custom brush (see The Custom
Brushes in this chapter for details)and then made some modifications,clicking

                                60

the Brush Selector with the right mouse button would restore you to the
previous custom brush. This feature is also useful if you create a custom brush
and then select a built-in brush. Clicking the Brush Selector with the right
button restores the custom brush.

TEXT TOOL Clicking the Text tool with the right mouse button displays the
Choose Font requester. You use this requester to choose fonts and styles for
the Text tool to use. See "Text" later in this chapter for an explanation of
how to use the Text tool and the Choose Font requester.

GRID AND SYMMETRY TOOLS Right-button clicks on these icons let you modify
aspects of gridding and symmetry. See Grids and Symmetry in this chapter for a
description of these features.

5 THE PAINTING MODES

The options in the Mode menu control the way your brush applies paint to the
page. In this section,we'll look at a few of the modes. You'll find information
about all modes in the Reference section.

To look at some of these modes,you'll need paint on the screen,so let's load a
picture.

Load the picture Venus from the Art Disk.

First let's look at a couple of modes,you'll need paint on the screen,so let's
load a picture.

Select the largest round built-in brush,the Dotted Freehand tool,and Color 0
(black).

Choose Smear from the Mode menu,move the brush down to Venus' mouth,hold down
the left mouse button,and drag back and forth across her mouth.

Notice that instead of laying down black paint,your brush smears the paint
already on the screen. Smear mixes the existing pixels rather than changing
their colors.

                                61

Choose Smooth from the Mode menu,hold down the left mouse button and drag your
brush once along the edge of Venus' chin.

Again,the brush uses colors other than black to paint with. Smooth reduces the
contrast between two adjoining areas by painting intermediate shades along the
boundary of the two areas. Smooth looks at the current palette and finds the
colors closet to the ones under the brush. If the palette contains a wide
selection of colors close to the ones under the brush,it will have more colors
to choose from. In our case,there are many colors between the dark brown of the
chin line and the yellows of Venus' face,so DeluxePaint does a good job of
smoothing the edge.

Some of the painting modes change the way the colors of your brush are used. In
particular Matte and Color determine whether a custom brush will paint with the
colors in the brush,or the current foreground color. Let's see how that works.

Choose Load from the Brush menu and load the brush named MultiCycle Me on your
Art disk. Choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu.

Notice that when you load a custom brush,your painting mode is automatically
changed to Matte. Matte paints with the colors in your custom brush.

Drag the custom brush straight down your page to paint a broad stripe of
several blues and reds.

Now choose Color from the Mode menu and drag the brush down again.

This time your stripe is all one color,because Color uses the current
foreground color and the shape of your custom brush to paint.

Choose Cycle from the Mode menu and drag another stripe.

Now your brush paints a stripe with a band of color running horizontally.
Notice that the colors change in the order of the colors in your palette. Cycle
uses the ranges in the Color Palette requester and cycles the colors as it
paints. This is a good example of where ranges affect the way a painting mode
works.

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Finally,choose MultiCycle from the Prefs menu. Select the Straight line tool
and drag a line straight down from the top of the page.

MultiCycle tells DeluxePaint to cycle each color in your brush individually
when you use the Cycle mode. Since your brush is made up of many colors,they
create a many colored pattern.

EXTRA-HALFBRITE MODE

Hbrite mode is a new feature in DeluxePaint. This painting mode is only
available if you are using 64 colors. So,let's change our screen format now.

Choose Screen Format from the Picture menu. In the requester,click 64 colors
and click OK.

Now your palette should contain 64 colors. The first 32 colors are the same
colors you had in Lo-Res format. The second 32 colors are halfbrite equivalents
of the first 32.

NOTE Not all Amiga 1000's support Extra Halfbrite mode. If the second 32 colors
in your palette are the same as the first 32 colors,you do not have an Extra
Halfbrite chip. Contact your Amiga dealer for information on how you can
upgrade your computer if you want to use this mode.

Let's take a look at how Hbrite paints.

Choose Load from the Picture menu and load the picture named Hall of Stars from
the Tutorial drawer in the lo-res drawer of your Art disk. When the requester
asks if you want to change the screen format,click NO.

Now select the largest built-in brush and the Dotted Freehand tool. Choose
Hbrite from the Mode menu. Scrawl anywhere on the picture using the left mouse
button.

Notice that when you paint with the left button in Hbrite mode,any colors that
are the first 32 in your palette are changed to their halfbrite equivalent.
This makes it look as though your picture is getting darker. Hbrite mode is a
great way to add shadows to your pictures.

                                63

Now crawl over your picture again,but use the right mouse button.

Any areas of your picture that are already that are already in one of the first
32 colors of your palette are unaffected by your paint,but areas that are
painted with any of the 32 halfbrite colors become lighter.

We've demonstrated only a few of the painting modes in this section. Be sure to
take the time to review the description of the modes in the Reference section.
Clever use of painting modes can save you time and help you create interesting
effects.

Before you move on to the next section,choose Color from the Mode menu. This is
the default mode.

6 TEXT

DeluxePaint's text editor lets you place text anywhere on the page,and the
Brush selector lets you pick it up and reposition it if you didn't have it
quite right the first time.

To enter text on the page:

Click the Text tool. Move the cursor to the page and click where you want to
start typing text.(This leaves the text cursor on the page.)Now type on the
keyboard.

The text will "wrap" around to the next line when it reaches the end of the
line,or you can press Return to start a new line directly below the point where
you first placed the cursor. If the page size is larger than the screen,the
screen will scroll to the edge of the page as you type. You can delete text by
using the Backspace key. Note,however,that if after entering a portion of text
you click the cursor elsewhere on the screen,or you select a tool from the
Toolbox,that text becomes a bit-mapped image,and no longer behaves as text. In
other words,you cannot Backspace over it as you could when it was still active
as text.

You can change the color of your text by choosing a different foreground color.

Select a new foreground color and type some more.

                                64

You can change colors as often as you like. You can even use the Cycle painting
mode with your text tool.

To select a different font,click the Text tool with the right mouse button to
display the Choose Font requester. Click a font in the scrolling list in the
upper left corner of the requester,choose from the available font sizes by
clicking on the up and down arrows beside the Size gadget,and click any of the
Style buttons(Bold,Italic,Underline),to apply any font style you want. When you
have everything you want,click the Show button and then click OK.

                CHOOSE FONT

diamond
emerald                 Size:  12
garnet                  Style:
opal
ruby                    Bold
sapphire                Italic
topaz                   Underline


Show

Drawer
CANCEL                    OK

Figure 4.7 Choose Font requester

A special feature of the Choose Font requester in DeluxePaint III is the
ability to load fonts from a fonts directory on a different disk. In addition,
your Art disk contains two special colored fonts. To use these multicolored
fonts you need to run the ColorText program(double-click the ColorText icon
[ABC]on the DeluxePaint III program disk)before you run DeluxePaint III. Do
that now,before loading the fonts from your Art disk. When ColorText is active,
do the following:

Display the Choose Font requester. Insert the DeluxePaint Art disk in any
drive. Click in the Drawer edit field,type art:fonts,and press Return.(If you
are using a one drive system,you'll be prompted to swap disks a couple of
times. Just follow the prompts.)

In a moment,the fonts list from your Art disk appears in the Choose Font
requester. Let's use one of the fonts.

                                65

Click the font named KaraGRANITE and click OK. A message asks if you want to
use the font's palette. Click Yes. Place your text cursor and type away!

If you want to move text once it's on the screen,use the Brush Selector to pick
it up and move it around. If you are adding text to a picture,there are two
good tips you should know: If you fix the background before you type the text,
you'll be able to move the text without messing up your picture. Another way to
do this is to jump to the Spare page to type your text and then pck it up as a
brush to place on your picture.

7 KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS

More than ever before,keyboard equivalents are an integral part of DeluxePaint.
The most important thing to remember about the keyboard equivalents in
DeluxePaint is that you can use most of them while the mouse button is down!!!
This means that you can use multiple features simultaneously.

A simple example of where using the keyboard equivalents comes in handy is the
case of trying to pick up a brush very precisely. Here's what you might do:

Click the Brush Selector. Move the cross-hair to the area you want to magnify
and press m to turn on magnification. Begin surrounding the area you want to
pick up and,while the mouse button is down,press m again to turn off
magnification. Move the cross-hair to the other corner of the area you want to
select and press m again to magnify for precise selection. Finally,release the
mouse button and you have your brush.

This is just one example. There are more at every turn. In particular,when you
begin working with animation,you'll find that the keyboard equivalents let you
do many things that otherwise would be impossible. If you ever need to use a
menu option or other command while the mouse button is down,go ahead and try
the keyboard equivalent;it usually works.

You'll find a complete listing of keyboard equivalents at the back of this
manual in Appendix B. You'll also find a summary of the keyboard equivalents on
the reference card.

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                        CHAPTER FIVE: USING PERSPECTIVE

This section explains DeluxePaint's powerful Perspective feature. This feature
lets you paint in three dimensions to give your pictures a true feeling of
depth. Perspective is not an easy feature to master,so we strongly recommend
that you become familiar with the material in the preceding chapters before you
ventur into this area. We've worked hard to make this explanation
straightforward,but due to the complexity of Perspective itself,the steps we
list will assume that you understand other program features.

THE THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL

When you use Perspective in DeluxePaint,you are actually working with a model
that represents three dimensions using the two that are available on your
screen. It will help you a good deal if you think of your computer screen as
the front side of a box.

Figure 5.1 The 3D Space and Screen Coordinate System

Usually,when you paint with a brush in DeluxePaint,the mouse moves your brush
in only two directions:horizontally and vertically. As you move and rotate your
brush in Perspective,you add a third direction to the motion:backward and
forward. To move the brush into the distance,you will move it on the Z axis of
the coordinate system. We'll explain more about this later. For now,just
remember that in it's default settings,the screen coordinates operate as shown
in Figure 5.1;the X axis runs horizontally across the screen,the Y axis runs
vertically,and the Z axis runs backwards into the screen.

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ROTATING A BRUSH IN 3D SPACE

The key to working in Perspective is rotating the brush. In this brief section,
we'll show you how to rotate your brush using the numeric keypad. Before you
begin,you need a brush to rotate.

Load the Dolphin Brush from the Art disk. Then choose Change Color>Use Brush
Palette from the Picture menu.

Now that you have your brush,you are ready to enter Perspective mode.

Choose Perspective>Do from the Effect menu.

When you enter Perspective,your screen contains a small cross-hair to indicate
the Perspective Center(or line of view)and your brush is enclosed in a frame
with a large cross-hair over it. In our example,you will also see three zeros
on the right side of the Menu Bar;these indicate the current rotation angles of
the brush. The numbers are all zeros because we haven't rotated the brush yet.

Figure 5.2 Screen in Perspective Mode

The cross-hair on your brush is there to help you see the brush rotations and
position the brush when it changes sizes. An important feature of the cross-
hair is that it indicates the X and Y axes of the brush. The Z axes of the
brush runs perpendicular to the other two axes,just like the screen's Z axes.
Figure 5.3 shows the Brush axis system.

                                70

Figure 5.3 Brush cross-hair and coordinate system

To rotate the brush you use the numeric keyboard on your keyboard. Figure 5.4
shows how each of the keys rotates the brush.

                        -1      +1      Reset
X rotations             7       8       9
Y rotations             4       5       6
Z rotations             1       2       3
Reset all rotations     0

        Plus center     .
        Fill Screen     -

        Figure 5.4 Brush rotations mapped to the keypad

We'll try each of the rotations in the next few steps so you get a feel for 3D
rotations. We'll start off with the simplest rotation,that is,a rotation on the
Z axes with the brush in its normal 0,0,0 orientation. This is the simplest
rotation,because no part of the brush moves off the plane of your computer
screen.

Hold down the 2 key on the keypad.

The brush disappears and the frame rotates clockwise on its center(the position
of the pointer). Notice that the third number along the right side of the menu

                                71

bar increases as the rotation angles increase. Figure 5.5 illustrates rotation
on the Z axis.

Hold down the 1 key on the keypad until the numbers along the right side of the
title bar show 0,0,0 as the brush rotation.

When the brush is back to the 0,0,0 position,it reappears inside the frame.
This is a handy visual cue that the brush is at it's original orientation.
Later,when you begin moving the brush in three-dimensional space,you'll see
that the same rule applies to movement--if the brush is back on it's original
plane it reappears inside the frame.

Figure 5.5 Brush Rotation on Z Axis

Rotating on the other axes works just like rotating on Z,but when you rotate on
the other axes,the brush moves off the plane of the screen and into the third
dimension. Let's see how this works by rotating on X.

Move the brush to the lower left corner of the screen. Hold down the 7 key on
the keypad. When the brush frame has rotated to about -45,release the 7 key and
click the left mouse button to paint the brush.

As you rotate the brush counter-clockwise on the X axis,it appears as though
the top half of the brush is turning into the screen and the bottom half is
turning outward. As a result,your painted brush is set at an angle to the
screen as shown in Figure 5.6.

                                72

Figure 5.6 Brush Rotation on the X Axis

RESETTING THE BRSH ROTATION

To return your brush to its original orientation,press 0 on the keypad.

The last step introduced an important keystroke. Any time you need to reset the
brush to its original orientation of 0,0,0 press the 0 key on the keypad. If
you get lost in the world of 3D,you can always get back to the beginning with
this simple keystroke.

THE ANGLE STEP

To rotate on the Y axis,you use the 4 and 5 keys on the keypad,but this time
we'll use the Shift key to rotate by a larger increment.

Move your brush to the lower right corner of the screen. Hold down the Shift
key to rotate by a larger increment.

Move your brush to the lower right corner of the screen. Hold down the Shift
key and press the 4 key on the keypad. (Your brush instantly rotates -90 on the
Y axis.) Click the left mouse button to paint the brush.

Press 0 on the keypad to return the brush to its original orientation.

When you use the Shift key with one of the keypad keys,the brush rotates by the
Angle Step. The default Angle Step is 90,but you can change it to any angle you
like in the Perspective requester. Figure 5.7 shows the Perspective requester.
To display this requester choose Perspective>Settings from the Effect menu or
click on the Grid tool with the right mouse button while you ae in Perspective
mode.

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              PERSPECTIVE
                X       Y       Z
GRID:           32      32      32
        FROM BRUSH
ANGLE STEP:                90
TYPE:   SCREEN          BRUSH
ANTI-ALIAS:
NONE    LOW     HIGH
DISPLAY:        ANGLE   POS
CANCEL                  OK

Figure 5.7 Perspective requester

ROTATION AROUND THE HANDLE

When you rotate a brush in Perspective,the rotation always occurs around the
brush handle. In the preceding examples,you always held the brush from the
center,so the rotations always occurred around the center of the brush. Let's
look at the difference between rotation around the center and rotation around
the corner of the brush.

Click CLR to clear the screen. Position the brush near the middle of the
screen. Hold down the Shift key and press the 2 key on the keypad to rotate 90
on the Z axis. Press Shift-Keypad 2 three more times to set the brush back to
0,0,0.

You've seen this rotation before,but we had your repeat it to compare this with
rotation around the corner.

Keep the brush in the same location. Press Alt-x on the keyboard.

This moves the bush so that it is held by the lower right corner. You can also
do this by choosing Handle>Corner from the Brush menu.

Press Shift-Keypad 2 to rotate the brush around the new handle position.

Figure 5.8 illustrates the difference between rotation around the center and
rotation about the corner.

                                74

Figure 5.8 Rotating a brush with the handle at the center and at the corner of
the brush.

SCREEN VERSUS BRUSH COORDINATES

So far in our discussion of brush rotations,we've always rotated the brush on
one of the two possible coordinate systems. If you look back to Figure 5.7,
you'll see that below Angle Step in the Perspective requester there is an item
labeled Type with two buttons:Screen and Brush. We've been rotating in the
Screen coordinate system.(If you are familiar with rotation systems,you
recognize this system as Euler-pronounced "oiler"-angles.) In the next few
paragraphs and steps,we'll demonstrate the difference between the two rotation
systems.

To begin this brief example,make sure your screen is clear;choose Handle>Center
from the Brush menu;and press Keypad 0 to reset your brush to it's original
orientation.

To make his example clearer,it will help if the Angle Step is set to something
other than 90. In the next step we'll have you change it to 45.

Choose Perspective>Settings from the Effect menu(or click the Grid tool with
the right mouse button.)In the Perspective requester,click in the right side of
the Angle Step edit field,backspace to erase the 90 setting and type 45. Click
OK to close the requester and use the new setting.

Now let's try a rotation in the screen coordinate system:

Position your brush in the lower left corner of the screen. Press Shift Keypad
2 to rotate 45 on the Z axis. Now press Shift Keypad 7 to rotate -45 on the X
axis. Click the left mouse button to paint the brush down.

                                75

Notice that when you rotate the brush on the X axis,the axis used was that of
the Screen. The brush's X axis was tilted sideways,but the brush still rotated
backward into the screen. Also notice that the rotation angles appear in the
menu bar.

Figure 5.9 Rotating the brush 45 on Z and X in Screen coordinates

Now we'll change the setting to Brush angles and do the same rotation to see
the difference.

Click the Grid tool with the right mouse button to display the Perspective
requester. Click the button labeled Brush and click OK.

Press Keypad 0 to reset your brush to its original orientation.

Position the brush in the lower right corner of the screen. Press Shift-Keypad
2 to rotate 45 on the Z axis. Now press Shift-Keypad 7 to rotate -45 on the X
axis. Click the left mouse button to paint the brush down.

In the Brush coordinates system,rotations always take place about the brush
axes,regardless of the current orientation of the brush. In this example,the X
axis was positioned digonally after you rotated 45 on the Z axis;as a
result,the brush rotated on the diagonal axis instead of rotating straight
backward into the screen.

You'll also notice that the angles shown in the Menu Bar are not the angles
that you rotated. The Menu Bar always shows the rotation angles for the Screen
coordinate system. This allows you to reproduce your brush rotation by
switching to Screen angles and rotating the amounts indicated in the Menu Bar.

                                76

Figure 5.10 Rotating the brush 45 on Z and X in Brush coordinates

DeluxePaint offers both Screen and Brush coordinate systems for rotation,
because each of the systems has unique merits:

THE SCREEN COORDINATES SYSTEM is ofter consistent with the notion of the three
screen coordinates defining the 3D space. More importantly,the Screen
coordinates system is reproducible:you can jot down the rotation numbers in the
Menu Bar and reproduce the same brush orientation simply by rotating to the
same angles. The results of multiple rotations are the same no matter what
order you rotate in.

THE BRUSH COORDINATES SYSTEM is usually easier to visualize if you are rotating
at angles other than 90. So you can usually produce the desired brush
orientation without much difficulty. Unfortunately,the cumulative effect of
separate rotations on the brush axes are not reproducible unless you make the
exact same rotations in the exact same order. You'll notice that the angles
given in the Menu Bar when you rotate using the Brush coordinates are actually
the angles for the Screen coordinates system;this is so you will be able to
reproduce your brush rotation,though you will have to use Screen angles to do
it.

Now that you've seen how to rotate your brush in three dimensions,the next
section will show you the ins and outs of moving a brush around in all three
dimensions.

                                77

MOVING IN 3D SPACE

BEFORE YOU BEGIN THIS SECTION:

Clear the screen. Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu to reset all
perspective settings,including Angle Type,to their defaults. Load the brush
named Blockbrush on the Art disk. Choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from
the Picture menu. Make sure you are in Perspective mode.

MOVING ON THE Z AXIS

When your brush is in its original orientation(0,0,0),moving your mouse moves
your brush along the X and Y axes. Try it right now:

Move your mouse forward and watch how your brush moves up on the screen. Move
your mouse backward and your brush moves down on the screen. Likewise,moving
the mouse left or right moves the brush left or right.

Because your mouse can move in only two dimensions(the third direction would
require you to lift it off the desk),it can move your brush in only two
directions. You can move your brush in the third dimension by using the
keyboard. One method is to move the brush straight back along the Z axis only:

Position your brush in the lower left corner of the screen,hold down the Shift
key and press the quote key(")several times.

Each time you press Shift-",the brush moves backward along the Z axis. It
appears as though the brush is getting smaller,but in fact it is moving away
from the front of the scree. To move the brush forward along the Z axis,you use
the colon key(:).

Hold down the Shift key and press the colon key(:)once.

Notice that the " and : keys move the brush toward and away from the cross-hair
in the middle of the screen. This cross-hair defines the Perspective Center,
which is best thought of as the point of view. No matter where you place the
brush on the screen,if you move the brush using the quote key,the brush will

                                78

move into the distance and toward the Perspective Center.

When you use Perspective,you'll often want to move your brush backwards and
left and right along a plane. The effect is of a brush moving across the floor.
DeluxePaint lets you do this by holding down the Ctrol key while in
Perspective.

Press Keypad-0 to reset your brush to its original orientation. Position the
brush near the bottom of the screen,hold down the Ctrol key and move your mouse
forward and backward.

With the Ctrol key held down,when you move the mouse forward,the brush moves
away along the Z axis. In this way,you can easily move in the X and Z axes
instead of the usual X and Y axes.

3D COORDINATES

DeluxePaint III lets you see the position of your brush in three dimensional
space when you are in Perspective mode. This is useful if you need to align
your brush precisely.

Press the \ key and look at what happens to the angles in the right side of the
Menu Bar. Now hold down the Ctrol key and move the mouse forward and backward.

Pressing the \ key toggles the Display option in the Perspective requester
between Angle and Pos(position)(see Figure 5.7).

Press the \ key again to return to displaying angles in the Menu Bar.

LAYING DOWN THE BRUSH TO MOVE IN 3D

Another way to move into the distance is to lay the brush down and then move it
on its own Y axis. Rotating the brush 90 on it's X axis makes the brush's Y
axis act like the screen's Z axis. Figure 5.11 shows what happens to the
different axes during perspective rotation.

                                79

Figure 5.11 Brush coordinate system before and after rotation

Let's try it once to see how it works.

Press Keypad-0 to reset the brush to its original orientation and position the
brush in the lower left corner of the screen.

Press Shift Keypad-7 to flop the brush down into the screen. Now move the mouse
around.

You will quickly discover that moving the mouse forward and backward moves the
brush into the screen and back out instead of up and down. This is because the
mouse moves the brush on the plane defined by the brush's X and Y coordinates.

Move the brush to any new position and press Shift Keypad-8 to turn it back up
on end. Paint the brush down. Use the combination of Keypad-7 and Keypad-8
several times until you are comfortable with how these keys help you move in
the third dimension.

                                80

THE PERSPECTIVE PLANE

You might have noticed that when you flopped the brush down by rotating on it's
X axis,the brush moved on a plane below the perspective center. Remember that
when the brush is in its original 0,0,0 orientation,it moves on a plane that is
roughly the equivalent of the computer screen. When you rotate the brush,you
change the orientation of the plane. The plane can be at almost any angle to
perspective center. The easiest way to see this is to fill the perspective
plane you've defined.

Press Keypad-0 to reset your brush. Position the brush so that your cursor is
at the bottom of the screen,press Shift Keypad-7 to rotate the brush on the X
axis. Choose Perspective>FillScreen from the Effect menu and watch as
DeluxePaint fills the perspective plane with a pattern of your brush.

The results of this last step should look something like Figure 5.12.

Figure 5.12 Perspective plan painted using Perspective>FillScreen

As we said,you can set your perspective plane at almost any angle to the
perspective center. In the next step,we'll draw a plane to the right of center
with the brush rotated sideways. This will create a "wall" on the right.

                                81

Press Keypad-0 to reset your brush to it's original orientation. Place the
brush in the lower right corner of the screen. Press Shift-Keypad-4 to turn the
brush into the screen. Choose Perspective>FillScreen from the Effect menu.

Practice creating different planes. For example,position the brush above the
perspective center to create a "ceiling" from your brush.

THE PERSPECTIVE HORIZON

The position of perspective center plays an important role in determining the
angle of the plane to the viewer. It also determines the horizon point. The
horizon point is the farthest edge of the plane when you rotate a bush to 90.
To demonstrate how this works,we'll load a picture that has a horizon,and fill
the plane out to the horizon.

Load the picture Seascape from the Tutorial drawer on the Art disk and choose
Change Color>Default Palette from the Picture menu.

You might remember this picture from the Guided Tour. In the picture,the ocean
stretches to a flat horizon on the right side. We'll set our perspective center
in line with this horizon and then fill a perspective plane.

Choose Perspective>Center from the Effect menu.(Your cursor changes to a large
cross-hair.)Position the cross-hair so that it is half way across the screen
and so the horizontal line of the cross-hair lines up with exactly the horizon
in the picture. Click the left mouse button to place the perspective center.

Now,load your Blockbrush brush;enter Perspective mode,Press Shift Keypad-7 to
rotate your brush -90;and choose Perspective>FillScreen from the Effects menu
to fill the perspective plane.

When you are done,your screen should look like Figure 5.13. Notice that the
horizon of your perspective plane exactly matches the horizon of the original
picture.

                                82

Figure 5.13 Seascape with a perspective plane added

THE ANGLE OF THE PLANE

In the example above,the perspective plane matches the horizon because you
rotated the brush by 90. If you had rotated by more than 90 the plane would not
reach the horizon,as though the plane sloped downward. If you had rotated by
less than 90,the plane would extend above the horizon,as though it sloped
upward like a mountain. It is difficult to see the differences unless you have
an existing horizon to compare the plane with. Without an existing horizon,the
sloping of the plane will appear to be only a difference in the distance
between the position of the brush and perspective center when the brush was
rotated.

When you create a perspective plane,the position and angle of the plane are
determined by three things:

the position of Perspective Center;
the position of the brush handle(cursor)when you rotate the brush;
and the degree of rotation.

In our examples above,we rotated the brush in 90 increments so the plane was
always either parallel to our point of view or at a right angle. If you want to
create a sloping surface,you do so by rotating the brush to an angle less than
90. Here's a quick example.

                                83

Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu.
Position your brush so that the cursor is at the very bottom of the screen.
Hold down the 7 key on the keypad until the brush has rotated -60 on the X
axis.
Move the mouse forward and backward to see how the brush moves on this new
plane.

You'll notice that the vanishing point of the brush is above the horizon in
your picture,this is because the plane is not parallel to the point of view. It
is as though you were looking at a gradual incline.

This chapter explained almost every aspect of Perspective DeluxePaint. There
are a couple of items we didn't cover here but did include in the tutorial on
Perspective in Chapter Six. If you think you will be using DeluxePaint's
perspective features,be sure to work through that tutorial. You'll learn some
very important hints there.

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                        CHAPTER SIX: PAINTING TUTORIALS

This chapter is a series of exercises that introduce you to some of the more
powerful features of DeluxePaint. By working through this chapter,you'll learn
how to:

Modify your color palette
Create color spreads and ranges
Animate with color cycling
Manipulate your brush for special effects
Use Stencil and Fixed Background techniques
Create Perspective art

You don't need to work though all of the tutorials. Each of the four tutorials
begins with a summary of what you'll be doing,so you can choose to complete
only the tutorials that interest you. Of course,we recommend that you complete
them all if you want to become a DeluxePaint power-user.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Make sure that you have everthing you'll need for the exercises:

You'll need your DeluxePaint Art disk. The special files and artwork you'll be
using in the following tutorials are stored in the Brush or Lo-Res drawers,as
appropriate.

If you want to save your work,you'll need a suppy of initialized disks.

If you want to make printouts of your work,you'll need a color printer plugged
in and ready to go.

TUTORIAL ONE:MODIFYING THE COLOR PALETTE

Proficiency with DeluxePaint's color control is one of the most important
skills you can learn. Because every work of art is little more than the colors
and shapes that comprise it,a carefully chosen palette is the first step to any
masterpiece. In the following exercises,you will look at a Reference Palette
and then modify it to give you just the color selection you need for each
project. You should use the Reference Palette whenever you need to adjust your

                                87

monitor or color printer. You'll see how to do this at the end of the exercise.

A REFERENCE PALETTE

The Amiga can generate 4096 distinguishable colors,32 of which are available at
any one time in Low Resolution screen format. You can create your own 32-color
palette through the Color Palette requester.

Display the Color Palette requester by choosing Change Color>Palette from the
Picture menu.

You also can display the Color Palette requester by clicking the Color
Indicator(above the palette at the bottom right of the screen)with the right
mouse button,or by pressing p on the keyboard.

                COLOR PALETTE

        R  G  B  H  S  V
15
12
8
4
0
        SPREAD  EX COPY
RANGE:  1 2 3 4 5 6
SPEED
CANCEL          UNDO    OK

Figure 6.1 The Color Palette requester

Take a moment to examine the Color Palette requester. It consists of six
vertical sliders for mixing colors,a palette area with a box at the top showing
the currently selected color,and a collection of command buttons. To find out
more about these commands,refer to the section on the Color Palette in Chapter
Four:The Elements. In this exercise,you'll be looking at the Reference Palette
to learn how DeluxePaint mixes red,green,and blue to form other colors. You'll
also see the relationship between the RGB and HSV(hue,saturation,value)color
systems.

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Close the Color Palette requester by clicking Cancel. Choose Load from the
Picture menu and load the picture named Reference Palette from the Tutorial
drawer in the Lo-Res drawer of your Art disk.

DELUXEPAINT     COLOR

                R  O  Y  G  B  V
LOW
SATURATION

MEDIUM
SATURATION

PURE
COLOR

MEDIUM
VALUE

LOW
VALUE

Figure 6.2 The Reference Palette picture

The Reference Palette picture shows you a matrix of the colors in the color
spectrum:Red,Orange,Yellow,Green,Blue,and Violet. These are the colors that are
produced when you mix colored pigment. In effect,these are the colors a
traditional painter would work with. This is not the spectrum produced when you
mix colored light. That spectrum produces the colors Red,Yellow,Green,Cyan,
Blue,and Magenta.

Display the Color Palette requester. Drag the Color Palette to the lower right
corner of the screen.(To do this,you point to the title bar of the requester,
hold down the left mouse button,and drag the mouse.)

Now let's look at the RGB and HSV values of some of the colors in the Reference
Palette.

In RGB terms,your Color Palette shows that a pure red is all red color with no
green or blue. In HSV terms,pure red is hue 0 with full saturation and full
value. You might remember from Chapter Four that saturation is the relative

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amount of color to white,and value is the relative lightness or darkness of a
color. Value is ofter referred to as Luminosity. To see exactly what this
means,let's change the sliders a bit.

Drag the saturation(S) slider all the way down to the bottom to see what
happens to the color. Drag the saturation slider back up to the top. Now drag
the value(V)slider all the way to the bottom.

As you drag the saturation slider down,the red gets lighter until it is white.
As you drag the value slider downward,the red gets darker until it is black.
Regardless of the hue or saturation,a value of zero always produces black.

The meaning of the saturation and value sliders is exactly what the matrix in
the Reference Palette shows. Notice that the colors in the Low Saturation row
are all pale--they don't contain much color. The colors in the Low Value row
are dark--they don't contain much luminosity. The colors in the Pure Color row
contain full saturation and full value.

Hue simply refers to the position of a color on the color spectrum or rainbow
--Red,Yellow,Green,Cyan,Blue,or Magenta,and the various shades in between.
Figure 6.3 shows the positions of colors on the Color Wheel.

Figure 6.3 The Color Wheel

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Let's look at another color in the Reference Palette.

Click on the yellow square in the Pure Color row.

The RGB sliders show that yellow contains the maximum amount of red and green,
but no blue. Yellow is said to be the "complement" of blue. Each of the primary
colors has a complement. In the RGB color system,the relationship of the
primary colors and their complements are best thought of as a cube in which
each dimension is measured in one of the three primary color is positioned at
the opposite corner of the cube. Thus,moving downward on the edge of the cube to
add red to green produces yellow(R15,G15,B0)the complement of blue,which is
positioned at the opposite corner from blue. If you look back at Figure 6.3
you'll see that in the HSV color system,the complements are also directly
across the circle from the primary color--yellow is directly across the wheel
from blue.

Figure 6.4 The RGB color cube

Notice that black is the absence of color(R0,G0,B0)and white is the maximum
level of the three colors(R15,G15,B15). The line running diagonally through the
center of the cube from black to white shows the positions of the grays,which
are formed by combining equal amounts of red,green,and blue. Thus R8,G8,B8
would yield a medium gray. Let's try this in practice:

In the Color Palette,drag each of the RGB sliders to 8. Once all three primary
colors are at 8,you have medium gray.

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Look at the position of the value slider in your Color Palette;it is at the
same level as the red,green,and blue sliders. The mixing of grays is one area
where the HSV system excels. Rather than moving all of the RGB sliders to the
same position,you can simply drag the saturation slider to the bottom and move
the value slider to the level of gray you want. The position of the hue slider
will have no effect,because there is no color(no saturation)in gray.

Move the hue slider up and down and notice how the gray you produced doesn't
change. Now move the value slider up and down and notice how the RGB sliders
move along with it,always starying in a perfect line.

Can you change the color back to yellow? Remember,yellow is the complement of
blue.

Move the red(R)and green(G)sliders all the way to the top and move the blue(B)
slider all the way to the bottom.

Now that you know the basics,try mixing a few colors you like using either one
of the two color mixing systems. Here's a trick you might also consider:mix a
few palettes that you particularly like and save small brushes created with
those palettes. The palette is saved with the brush file,and you can then
automatically produce that palette by loading the appropriate brush and
choosing Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu.

Before we leave the topic of color mixing,let us just summarize a few important
points:

Your Amiga and DeluxePaint mix colors using the RGB system,and this system is
represented by the color cube.

If you want to find any pure color,you can do so using the HSV system by moving
the saturation and value sliders to the top and then scrolling the hue slider
until you find the color you want.

If you need to produce a gray,you can do so by setting all three of the RGB
colors to the same level,or by setting the saturation slider to the bottom and
adjusting the value slider to the gray level you want.

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Besides providing an example spectrum for our color mixing tutorial,the
Reference Palette is useful for adjusting your monitor. Print out a copy of the
picture on your color printer and adjust your monitor until the colors on your
screen look the same as those on the paper.

CREATING COLOR SPREADS AND RANGES

As you have probably realized by now,DeluxePaint has many advantages over most
standard media. Variable magnification,instant "undoing," and the vast power of
DeluxePaint's brushes have no counterpart in the world of paper,paint,and ink.
For example,where once a smooth,gradual fade from one color to another required
laborious work with an airbrush,DeluxePaint's Gradient Fill does it all in
seconds. Some of these more advanced features,however,require that you set up
your color palette in a certain way to achieve optimum effect. This exercise
will teach you how to get the most out of the Spread and Range commands to
arrange your palette for the following exercise,"Animation with Color Cycling."

First,clear the screen,and then select Change Color>Default Palette from the
Picture menu. Display the Palette requester by clicking the Color Indicator
with the right button or by typing p on the keyboard.

Now make the following modifications to the palette:

If it isn't already black,click on the first color and set it to black either
by moving the V slider to the bottom,or by moving each of the R,G,and B sliders
to the bottom. Next,with the first color still selected,click with the left
button on Copy and then click the last color in that column(Color 8).

You have just copied the first color onto the last color in that column. This
means that both the first and the last colors in the first column are black.
Next we'll make Colors 3 through 8 black:

Click Copy,and then click Color 3 to make Color 3 black. Now click Spread and
then click Color 8.

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You have just turned all the colors in the first column black except Color 2.
If you were to turn Color 2 black as well,you would lose your Color Palette
requester,because DeluxePaint uses Colors 1 and 2 for painting its menus and
requesters. Although DeluxePaint gives you the freedom to modify any of the
colors in the palette,you should be particularly careful when modifying Colors
1 and 2 for this reason. If you ever make Colors 1 and 2 the same color,and
you lose your Color Palette requester(it will still be there,but you won't be
able to see it),press the u(for Undo)key to reinstate the previous condition.
Alternatively,you can press the Help key to return Colors 1 and 2 to their
default values.

Select Color 2 and make it pure white by moving all three R,G,and B sliders to
the top. Now click Spread with the left button,and then click on Color 8,at the
bottom of the first column,to create a spectrum that starts with white at the
top and ranges through grey to black at the bottom.

Select Color 9(at the top of the second column),and set it to pure red by
setting the R slider at the top,and the G and B sliders at the bottom. Next,
make Color 14 yellow(maximum R and G,no B)and Color 19 blue(maximum B,zero R
and G). Finally,set Color 24(the one at the bottom of third row)to the same
pure red you started with.

The pure red,yellow,and blue colors define the range of hues that will be
included in your palette. Now let's fill in the intermediate colors:

Click Color 9(the first red,at the top of second column),click Spread,and then
click Color 14(yellow).

The four colors between pure red and pure yellow are now a range of oranges.

Repeat this procedure,this time starting with Color 14 and ending at Color 19
(blue),to give you a range of greens and blue-greens. One more spread,from
Color 19 to the last red(Color 24,at the bottom of the third column)gives you
shades ranging from blue through violet,and back to red.

Now you have a full rainbow of colors for your palette,as well as a selection
of greys in the first column. Next we'll see how to get more subtle tints and
shadings of a specific color:

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SetColor 25(at the top of the last column)to pure white. Four colors down the
column,at Color 29,create pure blue(B slider all the way to the top,R and G at
zero). Select the white at the top of the column,click Spread,and then select
the blue. Finally,set Color 32 to black,and create a spread from Color 29 to
Color 32 to give you a set of blues varying in saturation and value.

You can use this same technique to create tonal ranges for different colors.
Try creating sample tonal ranges for reds and greens. When you create a palette
for your pictures,you might consider reserving the last column for tonal ranges
involving a single hue,and the first column for shades of grey.

We've just seen how to set up our color palette using the Spread command.
However,to use Gradient Fill and ColorCycling(as well as Shade and Blend,see
The Painting Modes in Chapter Two),you have to define color ranges to let
DeluxePaint know which set of colors to use. You can define up to six ranges at
one time,one for each range button. Here's how:

Click the 1 button beside Range to define the first range. Select Color 2
(white),click Range,and then select Color 8(the black at the bottom of the
first column). A thin white line identifies your newly defined color range.

Now click 2,select Color 9,click Range,and select Color 24,at the bottom of the
third column. Click 3,select Color 25,click Range,and then select Color 32.

You have now define three color ranges:
1. Seven shades from Color 2 to Color 8
2. Sixteen shades from Color 9 to Color 24
3. Eight shades from Color 25 to Color 32

As you click on 1,2,or 3,you can see each range bordered by a thin white line
next to its set of colors.

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GRADIENT FILLS

Now that you've defined a set of ranges,let's try an experiment with
DeluxePaint's Gradient Fill feature. Gradient Fill lets you fill any outline
with a range of colors that gradually fade from one to the next. Here's how:

Click OK to leave the Color Palette requester. Now display the Fill Type
requester by clicking on the Filled Rectangle tool with the right mouse button.
Select Vertical fill,set the Dither slider all the way to the left,and click OK
to return to the painting area.(Dither is the amount of mixing that occurs
between the colors in the range.)

Now click the Filled Rectangle tool(click the bottom right part of the icon)
with the left mouse button,and select any color in the first range(Colors 2
through 8).

                FILL TYPE

SOLID   TINT    BRUSH   WRAP
PERSPECTIVE

PATTERN
 FROM BRUSH

GRADIENT:
DITHER:

CANCEL                  OK

Figure 6.5 Fill Type requester

Note that as soon as you click a color in one of your three ranges,the small
rectangle on the Menu Bar gives you a preview of the gradient fill. Try
clicking colors within the different ranges and watch it change. As soon as you
are ready to move on,click one of the colors in the first range.

Draw a rectangle using the left mouse button. Note that the shape gradually
fills with a banded,metallic shading effect. Display the Fill Type requester
again and set the Dither slider about halfway on the scale. Click OK and then
draw a second rectangle. This time you'll see the shades of grey blend from one
to the other,without clear lines between them.

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Now that you have the basics down,try experimenting with different settings.
Display the Fill Type requester again and set it to Horizontal Fill by clicking
the middle of the three Gradient boxes. Draw some circles with this kind of
gradient fill. Now try Horizontal Line Fill(the box on the far right with
rounded corners),and make a series of realistic spheres. Horizontal Line Fill
calculates the distance between the left and right borders of a figure and
fills each horizontal line independently,so that each line receives the full
complement of the gradient fill. Try drawing diamond shapes with the Filled
Polygon tool using both type of horizontal fill,and see how it makes a
difference. And don't forget that you have two other ranges to play with.
Select a color from one of the other ranges you created and experiment with
ovals,rectangles,and polygons. Note that you can change the order of the
gradient fill by clicking the cycling direction arrow at the bottom right of
the Color Palette requester.

ANIMATION WITH COLOR CYCLING

Most animation effects are created by displaying a series of drawings in rapid
sequence. Animation with color cycling uses a slightly different technique: the
illusion of motion is created not by changing images,but by rapidly changing
the colors within a static image.

Load the six color cycling brushes,Cycle1 through Cycle6,and stamp a copy of
each one(click the left mouse button)around the page. You will find these
brushes in the Brush drawer. Select Use Brush Palette from the Color Control
option of the Picture menu to use the same palette the brushes were created
with.

Press F10 to hide the Menu Bar and the Toolbox.(You can bring them back by
pressing F10 a second time). Activate color cycling by selecting Cycle from the
Color Control option of the Picture menu,or by pressing the Tab key. Pressing
Tab a second time stops the animation.

All of the animations were created with the same palette with 4 designated
ranges. In a minute we'll look at how the ranges were defined. Here's how each
animation works:

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1.THE GLOWING BALLS The first ball was drawn in white,the second in grey,and
the third in black. As the colors cycle,the balls change color from white
through grey to black,and then start as white again. Because each ball started
off at a different color in the range,the balls are out of synch.
2.THE COLOR WHEEL The wheel was drawn with lines radiating out frm the center.
Each line's color is one shade away from the lines next to it. As the colors
cycle,the wheel appears to spin.
3.THE BOUNCING BALL Each position of the ball was drawn in a different color
from the third range. Because five of the six colors in this range are black,
only one frame shows at a time,as the remaining five are invisible against the
black background. Change the black colors in this range to any non-black color
to see all the frames.
4.THE RUNNING MAN This was done in exactly the same way as the Bouncing Ball.
Notice how the frames overlap slightly.
5.FALLING SNOW This was done in the same way as 3 and 4 above.
6.MARQUEE This effect was created with only the 2 colors from range 4. In fact,
the "light bulbs" are only flashing on and off. The viewer imagines the motion,
just as he does with a real movie marquee.

Display the Color Palette requester,and click on each of the first four range
buttons to see which colors are in each range.

Now play with the animation speed of each range by first clicking each of the
four channels,and then moving the slider under the channel selectors. To the
left is slower,and to the right is faster. If you hold down the mouse button on
the slider,you can get a preview of the cycling speed on the screen. You can
also change the direction of the cycling by clicking the arrow at the lower
right of the requester.

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TUTORIAL TWO:LOGOS UNLIMITED

In this series of tutorials we will take a relatively plain corporate logo and
spice it up with some of DeluxePaint's tools. We have provided the original
logo for you so you won't need to start from scratch. All you need to do is
embellish it by following the step-by-step instructions. First,however,you will
need to load the original logo,which has been saved as a brush in the Brush
drawer of your DeluxePaint Art disk.

From the Brush menu,select Load;select the file Archbrush,and click Load.

When the brush has finished loading,choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from
the Picture menu to use the same palette the brush was creted with.

Finally,to provide some contrast to the logo,select a light shade(white or
light grey)for the background with the right mouse button and click on. If you are doing this with text(as we
did above),you can italicize letters to any angle you wish.

Click the left mouse button to place a copy of this new brush on the screen.

                                99

BEND

This time,we'll bend the logo either vertically or horizontally. Although you
are free to compound these effects(that is,you can bend an image that has
already been italicized),let's start with the original brush again so we can
see what effect bending has by itself.

To restore the original brush,click the Brush Selector icon in the Toolbox with
the right button.

Clicking the Brush Selector with the right mouse button restores the brush to
its immediately preceding state.(If you modify a brush more than once,you
cannot restore it to its original state using this technique--you would need to
load the brush again.)Now bend the brush as follows:

From the Brush menu,select Bend>Horiz. Move the brush,which now has a
rectangular frame around it,to the center of the screen and,while holding the
left button down,drag the frame horizontally to the left or right.

When you release the button,you will see that the brush now has a new shape.

Click the left button to place an image of the new brush on the screen.

Try this technique again,this time using the Vert option. With this option you
will need to drag the mouse up or down as you bend the brush. When you are
satisfied with the new shape,click the left mouse button to place an image on
the screen. If you like,you can place the new brush alongside the original one.

RESIZE

In this exercise we'll resize the brush. Reload the original brush(Archbrush)
and then follow these steps:

Select Size>Stretch from the Brush menu. Now as you move the brush back onto
the screen,you will notice that your cursor has changed to the word SIZE.

                                100

While holding down the left mouse button,drag the mouse diagonally. Drag it
down and to the right to stretch it,and up and to the left to shrink it. When
you are satisfied with the new size,release the button.

If you want to resize the brush in proportion to the original--that is, keeping
the original ration of height to width--press the Shift key before you start
dragging the mouse,and hold it down as you drag. by constraining the change in
this way,you can resize the image in direct proportion to the original.

Note,also,that if you try to make a brush larger than the available memory can
handle,the brush will snap back to its starting size and shape.

CHANGING COLORS

In this exercise,we will change the colors of the original brush--red and grey
on a black background--to a new set of colors. After reloading the brush,click
with the left mouse button to place an image of the brush on the page. Here's
how to change the brush's colors:

Select a medium blue shade from the Palette with the left mouse button. This is
your new foreground color,soon to be the new brush color.

Next,select the red of the original brush as the background color. You can do
this using either of two techniques:

you can select the red by clicking the right mouse button on that color in the
Palette;or,

you can click inside the Color indicator with the left mouse button to change
your cursor into a pointer with the word PICK attached to it. Now when you
click on any screen color with the right mouse button,that color will become
the new background color.

Because it can convert your entire painting area into a palette,this technique
of clicking the Color Indicator to select any screen color as the new
foreground or background color is particularly useful. Note that it works with

                                101

either the left or the right mouse button. Whatever color you click with the
left button becomes the foreground color,and whatever color you click with the
right button becomes the background color.(You may find the keyboard equivalent
even more useful:press the comma key to change your cursor into a PICK pointer,
and then click on any of the screen colors as before.)

The next step is to switch the foreground and background colors,so that every
pixel of the current background color(red)in the brush will change to the
current foreground color(blue):

From the Brush menu,select Change Color from the primary menu and Bg->Fg from
the Secondary menu.

Notice that selecting Bg->Fg changed the red parts of the brush to blue. If you
had an original brush that contained both red and blue,you could make the
changes work in both directions by selecting Bg<->Fg. This would change all the
red parts of the brush to blue,and all the blue parts of the brush to red.

Now that you've seen how easy it is to change colors,you might want to try
changing colors on all the brushes you'll be creating in this tutorial.

PATTERN FILL

In this exercise,you'll color the brush image with a pattern rather than a
solid color. Here's how:

Reload the original brush by selecting Load from the Brush menu. When the brush
was loaded,place an image of it on the screen by clicking with the left mouse
button.

Load Pattern1 from the Brush drawer.

Your new brush will be a small square with horizontal blue stripes.

Now click the Fill tool icon(the paint can)with the right mouse button to
display the Fill Type requester. Click From Brush. This last action places a
copy of the current brush pattern(the one we just loaded)in the requester.
Click Pattern,and then OK.

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The next step is to use this pattern fill to spice up our logo:

Place the paint can's spout on the arch graphic,and click with the left mouse
button. Repeat until the arch is completely filled with the pattern(two
applications should do it).

You might want to do the same thing with the lettering,but this time try
creating your own pattern. Create any repeating pattern as a brush and click
From Brush in the Fill Type requester to use that brush as your pattern fill.

DROP SHADOWS

In this exercise you'll give your logo a professional touch by adding a drop
shadow. A drop shadow creates an illusion of depth by putting a dark shadow
under an object.

First,load the original Archbrush,and then select the color you want to use for
the shadow with the left mouse button(making it the foreground color). Black
and brown are the most appropriate shadow colors,although you can use any color
you like.

Select Color from the Mode menu(or press the F2 key).

The Color command turns a multicolored brush into a solid color,the currently
selected foreground color.

Position the new(solid-colored)brush on the screen and click the left mouse
button to place an image of it there.

You have just placed a copy of the logo's shadow on the screen. Now you need to
revert to the standard brush so you can place a copy of the logo over the
shadow.

Select Matte from the Mode menu(or press F1)and position the standard brush
over the shadow. Offset the standard brush slightly so you can see the shadow
underneath it and press the left mouse button.

You have just created a logo with a drop shadow to create the illusion of the
logo hovering slightly above the page.

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If your Amiga supports Extra-Halfbrite display mode,you might want to try
making your drop shadows in the halfbrite colors rather than in a solid color.
To do this,you need to change your change your screen format to 64 colors.
Then,follow the steps above,but instead of choosing the Color mode and a dark
color for your brush,simply choose Hbrite from the Modes menu. You'll find an
explanation of the Hbrite mode under the section on Painting Modes in Chapter
Four.

OUTLINING THE LOGO

In this exercise,we will put a different-colored outline around the logo.

As before,begin by reloading the standard Archbrush.

Select as your foreground color the color you want to use for the outline.
(Choose a color that is not already represented in the logo,as this will make
it easier to change it later without affecting the rest of the logo.)

Select Color from the Mode menu(or press F2).

This turns your multicolored brush into a solid color,the one you chose as your
foreground color.

Select either the Unfilled Rectangle tool(for a squared-off outline)or the
Unfilled Circle(for a rounded outline). Move the cross-hair back to the screen
and,holding the left mouse button down,drag diagonally up or down. Each pixel
you drag the mouse increases the thickness of the outline by that amount.
Release the button.

As you have probably noted,the Rectangle and Circle drawing tools paint with
the current brush,whether it is a built-in or a custom brush. This lets you
create an accurate outline of any shape,just by dragging it the required
distance.

Choose Matte from the Mode menu(or press F1). Position the original brush over
the outline and click the left mouse button to place an image there.

You can now pick up your new logo as a brush,and then repeat the same procedure
to produce multiple outlines.

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THE OUTLINE COMMAND

If you want to place a simple outline around a brush,and you don't care whether
or not the outline is rounded or square,DeluxePaint III gives you an easy way
to add one. Select the color you want to use for the outline and then choose
Edge>Outline from the Brush menu. DeluxePaint adds a single pixel outline to
your brush.

GRADIENT FILL

One of DeluxePaint's most powerful features is its ability to fill a shape with
multicolored gradients. In this exercise you'll see how easy it is to combine
the Stencil feature with gradient filled shapes to fill any shape with an even
gradient.

As before,restore or reload the standard Archbrush,and place a copy of it on
the screen by clicking the left mouse button.

The next step is to define your gradient range. The grays in the Archbrush
palette are already defined as a range,so we'll use that range. Of course,if
you like,you can define a range of your own and modify the following steps to
fit.

Click one of the dark grays in the third column of the palette to make that
your foreground color.

By choosing a gray that is in the gray range defined in the palette,you can use
that range for your gradient fills. Next,you need to tell DeluxePaint to use
that color range as a fill type. Here's how:

Click the Fill tool icon with the right mouse button.

This tells DeluxePaint that you want to customize the icon's effect,and brings
up the Fill Type requester, Remember,clicking the drawing tools with the right
button lets you customize the respective effects;see The Tools,in Chapter Four,
above. Now you need to select the variable you want to use for your gradient
fill:

Click Vertical,for fill type,and then drag the Dither slider left or right to
create the desired amount of dithering in the gradient. Click OK.

                                105

Now you have your gradient ready to fill. We don't want to fill each letter
individually because the gradient would not be uniform,so we're going to use a
trick. We're going to jump to the Spare page and use a Stencil to fill our
text.

Choose Spare>Swap from the Picture menu to jump to the spare page.

Click the Brush Selector tool with the right button to restore your Archbrush
and paint it down on the blank page.

Now that the area we want to fill is on the page,we'll make a stencil of
everything else.

Choose Stencil>Make from the Effect menu. This displays the Make Stencil
requester. Click on the background color on your page to select that as a
stencil color. A small bracket appears beside the color in the requester. Click
Make in the requester.

Now 'the background color of you page is stenciled so you can only paint on the
Archbrush logo.

Select the Filled Rectangle tool and drag a rectangle from the upper left
corner of the Archbrush logo to the lower right corner.

As you drag the rectangle over the logo,only the logo area is filled,but you
might see a faint outline of your rectangle. Just be sure to cover all of the
logo. When you release the mouse button,the logo if filled with your gradient
smoothly from top to bottom.

Click the Brush Selector and select the new Archbrush logo as a brush. Press j
to jump to the other page and then paint down your brush.

Notice that when you pick up an area with a stencil on,only the unstenciled
area is picked up. This is a very powerful feature. The next tutorial will show
you all of the ins and outs of stencils,so be sure to read on.

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TUTORIAL THREE:THE WORLD OF STENCILS

In the following set of exercises you will learn how to create and use stencils
within DeluxePaint III. Although stencils are primarily used for producing
quick,uniform lettering by amateur signwriters,they have uses that go far
beyond that. Airbrush artists,for example,use stencils(which they call
friskets)to cover certain areas of their work while they airbrush other areas.

DeluxePaint makes it easy to create a stencil for any part of an image,without
the need to redraw the image. All you do is specify the colors that make up the
stencil,and DeluxePaint does the rest,even if the image is intricate.

Here's how it works:when you make a stencil for a particular set of colors,you
lock(and thus protect)any parts of the picture that are made up of those
colors. This means that when you have a stencil for a particular set of colors,
you cannot paint over those colors until you turn the stencil off. It also
means that you can essentially paint a picture backwards,from the foreground to
the background,because you can use stencils to mask any foreground objects from
the colors you are using for the background objects.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Choose Load from the Picture menu and load the picture named StencilSet from
the Lo-res/Tutorial drawer on the Art disk.

DISTANT SNOWCAPS

The left part of the Stencilset picture shows a distant mountain range behind a
green field and under a colorful sky.(If you followed the preceding tutorials,
you'll notice that both the sky and the field were created with a Gradient
Fill,in a fraction of the time it would take using more traditional
techniques.) Note that the mountain range is actually made up of three ranges,
with the more distant ones painted in lighter shades than the nearer ones. In
this exercise,we will put a snowcap on the most distant range without distrbing
any other parts of the picture. This would be a tall order for any other
graphic medium,but is surprisingly easy with DeluxePaint. Let's see how
DeluxePaint does it:

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Choose Stencil>Make from the effect menu to display the Make Stencil requester.
Click Clear,click on Color 9(the one at the top of the second column),click
Invert,and then click Make.

        MAKE STENCIL

                LOCKED:
CLEAR
INVERT

MAKE
CANCEL

Figure 6.6 Make Stencil requester

With four simple clicks of the mouse you have created a stencil that locks
every color in the picture except Color 9,the color of the most distant
mountain range. The first click cleared the picture of any stencils,the second
selected the stencil color,the third click inverted the stencil configuration
(making everying except Color 9 a stencil),and the fourth made the stencil. To
let you know that you have a stencil active,an "S" appears on the Menu Bar.

Note that clicking Invert simply inverts the current stencil configuration,
saving you the trouble of clicking all the colors except the one you want to
paint on. This is useful if you want to paint on one or two selected colors to
the exclusion of the rest;if you want to create a stencil to lock only one or a
few colors,you don't need to use invert.

The next step is to paint the snow on the distant mountain range:

Select white as the foreground color,and then select the one-pixel brush and
the Airbrush tool. Move the cursor over to the distant mountain range and spray
a snowcap on it.

Because every color except that of the most distant mountain range has been
locked,you can spray without fear of splattering any adjoining colors.

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Note that although the white you are spraying on the mountain range is one of
the locked colors,it is not itself locked while you are applying it. This means
that you can paint over it with another color(such as the original color of the
mountain,if you don't like the look of the snowcap)just as though it were
unlocked.

To lock a recently applied color,just select Remake from the Stencil submenu.
You don't need to display the Stencil requester again,because the configuration
is still as you want it. This also means that you can use the "Again" key (a)
to update your stencil,if Remake was your last menu command.

The Again rule is simple:press a whenever you want to repeat the immediately
preceding menu command,to save you moving the mouse up to the Menu Bar and
through menu and submenu options. If your last menu command produced a
requester,then pressing a will produce that same requester,without the need for
menu selections.

SUNRISE IN THE ROCKIES

In this exercise,we make the sun rise behind the mountains,so we need to lock
every color excep the sky. Here's how:

Display the Make Stencil requester.(Color 9 should be the only unlocked color
in the requester.) Now click Color 9 to lock it,and then click Colors 1 (black)
and 13 through 18(the sky colors)to unlock them.(Color 13 is halfway down the
second column,and Color 18 is the second from the top of the third column.)
Click Make.

You have now locked every color in the landscape except the sky colors. Now
let's make the sun rise:

Choose Stencil>On/Off from the Effect menu to turn the stencil off.

In DeluxePaint III,your stencil affects picking up a brush--you can only pick
up areas that are not in the stencil. Since the orange shades in the sun are
part of the stencil,you turned off the stencil mementarily to pick up that area
of the picture.

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Click the Brush Selector with the left mouse button,move the large cross-hair
over to the sun image(on the far right of the screen)and pick it up with the
left mouse button. Move the brush over to the mountain range.

Choose Stencil>On/Off from the Effect menu to turn the stencil on.

Did you see the sun move behind the mountains and then peek through? This is
because every color--except the sky colors and the background--is locked,and so
will not accommodate the sun brush. When you are satisfied with the placement
of the sun,click the left mouse button to stamp an image of it there.

CUTTING SOME Z'S

In this exercise we will explore further aspects of DeluxePaint's powerful
stencil editor. In particular,you'll see how to turn stencil colors on and off
from any part of your picture,not just from the Make Stencil requester.

Display the Make Stencil requester and click Clear to clear the stencil. Now
move the cursor outside the requester and click the large Z shape with the left
mouse button. Click Invert and then click Make to return to the painting
screen.

Did you notice that when you clicked the Z the Make Stencil requester responded
by locking on that color? This means that you can lock and unlock colors
directly from your image just by clicking them. Note that each click of the
mouse toggles the locking function on and off,just as it does in the requester.
And to make it easy to find the colors you want to lock or unlock,you can move
the Make Stencil requester to any part of the screen just by moving the cursor
to the top of the requester,pressing the left mouse button,and dragging it to a
new position.

Now let's see what we can do with the stencil we just created:

Press the ~(tilde)key to turn off the stencil.

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Pressing ~ is the same as choosing Stencil>On/Off from the Effects menu. This
is a very important keyboard equivalent for working with stencils.

Click the Brush Selector and pick up the textured area to the right of the Z.

Press the ~(tilde)key to turn on the stencil.

Move the cursor over to the Z and watch what happens.

Did you see the textured brush appear behind the Z? Because all the colors
except the Z are locked,it looks like you're viewing the textured brush through
a Z-shaped window. Now,when you place the textured brush behind the Z and click
the left mouse button,you will the Z with the textured pattern.

THE EYES HAVE IT

You may have trouble finding a practical application for this next exercise,but
it's fun nonetheless.

Display the Make Stencil requester,click Clear,and then click the following
colors:7,8,24,28,29,30,and 31. Click Make to complete the transaction. Turn off
the stencil. Pick up the two blue circles at the lower right and move them to
the face. Turn on the stencil.

Because all the colors in the face are now locked,the two circles appear to
move behind it. When the circles are directly behind the eyes,you can make the
eyes appear to move around just by moving the cursor. You can set the eyes in
any position you like just by clicking the left mouse button. If you don't like
it,click Undo and try again.

FIXING THE BACKGROUND

By using a combination of stencils and fixing the background,you can define a
stencil by area rather than color. This lets you confine a stencil to a
particular area of the page,without forcing you to lock every instance of a
particular color. Let's take a closer look:

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Pick up the small clump of pine trees from the right-hand side of the
page(above the blue circles). From the Effect menu,choose Background>Fix.

You have just fixed the picture to the background(the "B" in the Menu Bar tells
you so),which means you can always return to that picture by clicking CLR.
Thus,you can stamp pine trees all over the landscape and then return to the
original picture at any time. You can also fix the background successively,
updating the picture from the previous "fix." As we saw earlier,you can use the
"Again" key(a)to repeat the immediately preceding menu command.

For the purpose of this exercise,go ahead and stamp a few clumps of pine trees
in front of the closest mountain range. Now let's turn that collection of pine
trees into a stencil:

From the Stencil submenu,select Lock FG.

This last action turned the foreground(i.e.,everything you added to the picture
since fixing the background)into a stencil,but without affecting any other part
of the picture that uses those same colors. Try it and see. Move your pine-tree
brush over to the pine forest and you'll see that your brush goes behind the
forest but in from of everything else. You can remove this stencil either by
turning the stencil off(selecting On/Off from the Stencil submenu)or making a
stencil by locking colors.

The color and area methods are mutually exclusive,so using one method
automatically negates the other. And as is the case with regular stencils,
clicking CLR does not clear the stenciled area--it is protected until you turn
it off,just like the fixed background.

TUTORIAL FOUR:PUTTING THINGS IN PERSPECTIVE

Before you attempt to complete this tutorial,you should work through Chapter
Five:Using Perspective. That chapter introduces you to the fundamentals of
perspective in DeluxePaint III. In this tutorial,we'll create a perspective
landscape and build a three dimensional arch as shown in Figure 6.7. In the
process,you'll learn some of the tricks about using perspective that you can
only understand when you see them in context.

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CREATING THE PLANE

The first step of our tutorial is to create a perspective plane. You don't need
to create a plane every time you use perspective. We're doing it here,so you
can readily see the "depth" of your picture.

Load the Block brush from the Art disk.

Notice that this brush is held by the lower right corner. If you expect to use
a brush in Perspective,it is best to save the brush with the handle in the
lower right corner for two reasons:

1.Rotations always occur around the handle,so holding the brush in the corner
helps make the rotations consistent and useful.
2.If you establish a Perspective grid,you can make all of your brushes conform
to that grid if their handles are in the same corner.

Choose Coords(short for Coordinates)from the Prefs menu.

Press the Enter key to enter Perspective mode.

Position the cursor at 196,25 and press Shift-G,which turns on the grid and
uses 196,25 as one of the grid points.

Tip If you turn on Coordinates and take note of the cursor position before you
rotate your brush,you'll be able to recreate the perspective plane exactly.

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Press Shift-Keypad 7 to rotate the brush -90 on X.

Notice that at this point you don't have angles in your Menu Bar. You can turn
off Coordinates if you want to see the angles,but you don't need them for this
exercise,since all of our movements are on 90 and based on sight,not numbers.

Choose Perspective>FillScreen from the Effect menu.

BUILDING THE ARCH

Load the RedBlock brush.

You are no longer in Perspective mode,but the Grid is still on.

Press the Enter key to enter Perspective mode.

Your brush is automaticaly laid down on the perspective plane in the same
orientation you left it in last(that is,rotated -90 on the X axis). This is an
important point to remember,because it means that you can easily bring in new
brushes at the right perspective simply by loading them with the perspective
plane define by the previous brush.

TIP You'll notice that the grid as been adjusted to your new brush size. It is
not necessarily true that your new brush will line up correctly witht the grid
point you used to define the plane(196,25),because the brush handle is tied to
the closet grid point when you enter perspective,and there is a three-in-four
chance that it will be tied to one of the other corners. If you want the brush
to line up with the grid point you specified when you created the grid,press
Keypad 0 to reset the brush 0,0,0 orientation,align the handle with the grid
point,and rotate the brush again.

If you don't want your perspective grid automatically sized to new brushes,turn
off the AutoGrid option in the Prefs menu.

Press G to turn off the Grid so you can move the brush freely on the plane.

Position the brush so that the Y axis of the brush is aligned with the
Perspective Center and the bottom of the brush is aligned with the edge of the

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second full row of tile on the floor.(The coordinates will show this point as
175,46)

Press Shift-G to turn on the grid and use your new handle position as one of
the grid points.

Press Shift Keypad-8 to rotate the brush up on the X axis. Move the brush two
grid points to the left and stamp it down. Paint the brush three times above
the current brush position so you create the face of a column.

Paint the brush four times to the right to form the top of the arch and the top
of the right column. Then paint the brush three times down to form the right
column.

At this point you have a two dimensional arch on a three dimensional plane. Our
next task is to give the arch a third dimension.

Move the brush so that it is directly on the bottom block of the left column of
your arch. Press Shift-Keypad 4 to rotate the brush 90 on the y axis. Paint the
brush where it is and twice above to form the left side of the column.

Move the mouse a bit to the right to move the brush back along its x axis and
paint another set of blocks so your column is one block wide at the face and
two blocks deep as shown in Figure 6.7.

Press Shift-Keypad 5 to rotate the brush back on its Y axis so that it is
facing you head on. If the bush is not the same size as the facing blocks of
your arch,hold down the Ctrl key and move the mouse forward or backward to
bring it closer or move it back.

As we explained in Chapter Five:Using Perspective,the Ctrl key temporarily
fixes the Y axis of your brush so that you can move it on it's Z axis. As you
become adept at painting in Perspective,you'll find yourself using this key
often.

Position the brush to the left of the bottom block of the right column. Press
Alt-x to change the brush handle to the other side of the brush.

Your brush jumps so that it is over the bottom block of the right column,but
the brush is now held by the lower left corner. Remember that Alt-x,Alt-y,and
Alt-s reposition your brush handle. These keyboard equivalents are especially

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useful while working in Perspective,since you usually don't want to move your
mouse to choose from a menu.

Press Shift-Keypad 5 to rotate the brush 90 on the Y axis. Paint the brush
where it is and twice above to form the left side of the column. Paint another
column just behind this first one so your column is one block wide at the face
and two blocks deep.

Press Shift-Keypad 4 to rotate the brush back on the Y axis. If the brush is
not the same size as the facing blocks of your arch,hold down the Ctrl key and
move the mouse forward or backward to bring it closer or move it back.

Move the brush up so that is is over the block in the upper left corner of the
arch. Press Shift-Keypad 7 to rotate the brush -90 on the X axis. Move the
brush to the right and stamp it once below each of the three blocks that form
the top of the arch. Paint another row just behind this first row so the top of
your arch is one block high and two blocks deep.

Your arch is complete and should look just like the arch in Figure 6.7.

INSERTING THE SEASCAPE PICTURE

To give your perspective painting a bit more color,and a landscape for the
background,we'll load the seascape picture and add it behind the arch.

Choose Spart>Swap from the Picture menu to display the spare page.

Load the Seascape picture from the Tutorial drawer on your Art disk. Choose
Change Color>Default Palette from the Picture menu.

Jump back to your main page(press J or choose Spare>Swap from the picture
menu).

Choose Spare>Merge in Back from the picture menu.

In a flash,your arch has a nice seascape backdrop.

This exercise gave you a quick example of perspective,but you can do a lot
more. For an excellent example of perspective at work,load the picture Hall of
Stars from the Tutorial drawer on your Art disk.

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                        PAGES 117 & 118 ARE BLANK

                        CHAPTER SEVEN: ANIMATION BASICS

This chapter introduces you to DeluxePaint III's animation features. It begins
by explaining the basic model for animation and then covers each of the
different ways to create animations in DeluxePaint III. We recommend that you
work through this chapter in one sitting. It will take you approximately 45
minutes to complete.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Do the following before you start into the examples:

Boot DeluxePaint as you normally would.

When the Choose Screen Format requester appears,click OK to use the default
settings(Lo Res 320x200 and 32 colors).

In a moment the DeluxePaint screen appears,and you're ready to begin.

THE BASIC MODEL

The basic idea behind animation in DeluxePaint is that instead of having a
single page to paint on,you have multiple pages that you can paint on and flip
through. By creating images that differ slightly from page to page and then
playing them back in rapid succession,you can create the illusion of motion.

Figure 7.1 The basic model

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This section shows you how to:

Create frames for your animation.
Paint on individual frames in the animation.
Paint while the frames are flipping--this is called animpainting.

CREATING FRAMES

The first step in building an animation is to create the frames to paint on.

Choose Frames>Set# from the Anim menu. The Set Frame Count requester appears.

        SET FRAME COUNT

    COUNT:        0

    CANCEL          OK

FIGURE 7.2 The Set Frame Count Requester

Click in the Count edit field,change the frame count to 10 and click OK.

You now have 10 frames to paint on. Notice the numbers 1/10 at the left side of
the menu bar. This means you are positioned on the first frame of a 10 frame
animation.

PAINTING ONE FRAME AT A TIME

Select the largest round built in brush and paint a dot in the upper left area
of your screen.

The dot you just places in on frame 1. The trick of animation in DeluxePaint is
to paint a slightly different picture on successive frames. So you need to move
to the next frame.

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Choose Control>Next from the Anim menu to move to frame 2. (Notice the menu bar
shows 2/10). Click another dot to the right of where your first dot was.

Now you have a dot on frame 1 and a dot on frame 2. To create a series of dots
that move across the screen,you just continue the last step. Of course,choosing
from the menu to change frames is a little cumbersome,and it forces you to move
the mouse when you want to change frames. It's more efficient to move through
the animation frames by using the keyboard equivalents.(You'll see them listed
in the menu beside the options.)We'll use one to complete our little animation:

Position your brush just to the right of the dot you painted. Press the 2 key
at the top of the keyboard once,then click the mouse to paint a new dot. Repeat
this step until your first dot appears again in the left side of the screen.
(The menu bar will show 1/10 as your frame position.)

You've just created a brief animation. Now let's play it.

Choose Control>Play from the Anim menu(or press 4 at the top of the keyboard).
You should see your dot moving from left to right across the screen.

To stop the animation,press the Space bar.

So,one way to create an animation in DeluxePaint is to paint on a series of
frames individually.

PAINTING WITH ANIMATION

For animations that involve simple movement of an object,DeluxePaint provides a
much easier method called animpainting. Essentially,the frames flip
automatically while you paint.

Click CLR. The Options requester appears.

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                OPTIONS

        CURRENT FRAME
CLEAR   RANGE:   1     TO     2
        ALL FRAMES
CANCEL

FIGURE 7.3 Options requester

When you click CLR with multiple frames,DeluxePaint gives you the option of
clearing only the current frame,a range of frames in your animation,or all
frames.

Click All Frames in the requester.

Instantly all of your frames are cleared and you are automatically set
back at frame 1. Now let's do some animpainting.

Select the large round brush. Click the Dotted Freehand tool. Hold down the
Left Amiga key(the Commodore key on the Amiga 500)and paint by holding down the
left mouse button and dragging across the screen from left to right.

As you paint,the frames flip,so you place only one dot on each frame of your
animation. Notice that the frame counter in the menu bar changes to show you
the frame you are on. When you reach the last frame,you loop back to frame 1,
where you'll see your first dot again.

After you have painted for a few seconds,stop and choose Control>Play from the
Anim menu(or press 4 at the top of the keyboard).

Press the Space bar(or click the mouse button)to stop the animation.

Now you know how to create frames,how to move through the frames one by one and
paint,and how to animpaint. Animpainting is especially powerful if you have an
animated brush to paint with;we'll show you how animated brushes work later in
this chapter. Right now we want to show you more ways to move things on the
screen.

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AUTOMATIC ANIMATION USING THE MOVE REQUESTER

The Move requester lets you move and rotate a brush over a number of animation
frames. More importantly,you can move and rotate the brush in all three
dimensions. In essence,you are painting using Perspective,but DeluxePaint makes
all of the calculations for the individual frames. This section will take you
through a detailed explaination of each feature of the Move requester and give
examples for most of the features.

To begin,click CLR and All Frames to clear the previous animation sequence.

Choose Frames>Set # from the Anim menu. In the requester,change the count to 20
and click OK. Press Shift-1 to move to frame 1 of your animation.

Choose load from the Brush menu,and load the brush DPaint Title from the art
disk. Choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu.

NOTE These instructions assume that your memory method(Method in the Anim menu)
is set to compressed--the default setting. Amigas with one megabyte of RAM can
create only 9 to 10 frames using the Expanded method. You'll find a brief
description of the two memory methods in the Reference section of this manual.

SIMPLE MOVES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

The Move requester does exactly what its name implies--it moves your brush on
the screen. There are many impressive animations you can create with only the
Move requester and a brush like our DPaint III brush,but to create those
impressive animations,you need to know how each feature of the move requester
works. This brief section explains the most basic Moves.

Stamp your brush in the center of the screen.

Choose Move from the Anim menu. The Move requester appears.

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                MOVE

        X         Y     Z
DIST:   0         0     0       BRUSH
ANGLE:  0         0     0       BRUSH
      CLEAR       GO TO BACK   CYCLIC
EASE-OUT:  0            DIRECTION:
EASE-IN:   0        MOVE       RECORD
COUNT:     10
PREVIEW         TRAILS  FILL    DRAW
CANCEL                          EXIT

FIGURE 7.4 The Move requester

The first row in the Move requester lists the three axes in the thee
dimensional space of your screen. If you are familiar with Perspective you know
that these axes run up and down,left and right,and out and in from the screen
respectively. Figure 7.5 shows the orientation of threee axes to the screen.

FIGURE 7.5 The three axes

Directly below X,Y,Z letters there are edit fields for entering Distance(Dist:)
numbers. You enter numbers here to tell DeluxePaint how far to move your brush
in any direction or combination of directions.(If your brush is moving only on
the X and Y axes,the numbers are equal to pixels,but once you move along the Z
axis,the units are either smaller or larger than pixels.)Let's look at a simple
example:

Click in the Dist edit field below X and enter 200.

Check that the edit field beside Count(near the middle of the requester)shows
20 as the current setting. If the number is not 20,click in the edit field and
change the number.

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Click Preview to see a preview of the movement of your brush.

You will see your brush enclosed in a wire frame move to the right across the
screen. If you want your brush to move to the left,you enter a negative number
for the X Distance.

In the Move requester,set the X Dist edit field to -200. Click Preview.

This time your brush moves to the left across the screen. A similar rule
applies to the other two axes:Y Distance moves your brush upward if the number
is positive and downward if the number is negative. Z Distance moves your brush
out to the distance if the number is positive or inward to the screen if the
number is negative.

You can use any combination of the three Dist edit fields to move your brush
anywhere in three dimensional space. Try it if you like. Set a number for each
of the three fields and click Preview to see where the brush would move.

SIMPLE ROTATION

In addition to moving the brush along an axis or several axes in combination,
the Move requester lets you rotate the brush around one or more axes.

In the Move requester,click Clear to clear all of the Distance and Angle edit
fields.

Click in the Z Angle edit field and enter 360 as the angle of rotation.(This
tells DeluxePaint that you want to rotate the brush 360 on the Z axis.)Click
Preview.

You'll see a wire frame representation of your brush rotate clockwise on the
screen. Just as you entered negative numbers to change the direction of
movement wen using Distance moves,you enter negative numbers to change the
direction of rotation when you use Angle moves.

Change the Z Angle setting to -360 and click Preview.

Now you'll see the wire frame rotate counter-clockwise.

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MOVEMENT ALONG THE BRUSH'S AXES

In our examples,we've been moving the brush along the screen axes. You might
have noticed that there are buttons labeled Brush to the right of the Distance
and Angle edit fields. These buttons let you set whether you want to move and
rotate on the screen axes or the brush axes.

When your brush is in a standard orientation(0,0,0)movement on the brush axes
is the same as movement on the screen axes. If you rotate your brush using
Perspective,the brush axes may no longer correspond to the screen axes,and
movement on the brush axes will be different. Here's an example.

Click Exit to close the Move requester.

Click CLR and click All Frames in the requester to clear all frames.

Choose Perspective>Do from the Effect menu to enter Perspective mode.

Move the brush down near the bottom of the screen and press Shift-Keypad 7 to
flop the brush over on its back. Click the left mouse button to paint down the
brush.

To flop the brush over on its back,you rotated it 90 on the X axis(see the Menu
Bar)and shifted the brush axes so that they no longer correspond to the screen
axes. Figure 7.6 illustrates the change in the brush axes.

FIGURE 7.6 The change in a brush's axes upon rotation

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Now if you use the Move requester to move the brush along the Y axis,you will
get different results depending on whether or not you have selected the Brush
button.

Choose Move from the Anim menu. In the Move requester,click Clear,set the Y
Distance to 200,and click Preview.

You see a wire frame of your brush move upwards on the screen,just as you would
expect when moving along the screen axis.

Click the Brush button beside the Distance edit fields.(The button becomes
highlighted.)Now click Preview and watch the direction the brush moves.

This time the brush moved into the distance along the Y axis of the brush. As
Figure 7.6 above shows,the brush's Y axis is the same as the screen's Z axis
when you rotate backwards 90 on X as we did.

ROTATION ON THE BRUSH'S AXES

You may have already guessed what will happen when we rotate the brush on it's
own axes rather than on the screen axes,but this is sometimes difficult to
visualize,so we'll give an example.

Click Cancel to close the Move requester.
Click CLR and click All Frames in the requester to clear all frames.
Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu to reset all of the Perspective
settings.

At this point you once again have your brush in the original orientation and
are in Perspective mode. Now we'll rotate the brush on the Z axis,so that the X
and Y axes of the brush no longer match the X and Y axes of the screen.

Hold down the 2 key on the keypad until the brush has rotated 45 on the Z axis.
(You'll see the degrees of rotation in the right side of the menu bar.)

Paint down the brush in the middle of the screen.

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Display the Move requester.(Are you getting tired of choosing Move from the Anim
menu? Then try the keyboard equivalent,Shift-M.)

In the Move requester:click Clear;set the X Angle to 360;click the Brush button
to the right of the Angle edit fields;click Preview.

With the settings above,you'll see the brush tumble toward the screen on the X
axis. Remember that the brush is rotating on the screen's X axis. Now let's
look at a rotation on the brush's X axis.

In the Move requester:click the Brush button to the right of the Angle edit
fields;click Preview.

This time the brush spins around its own X axis instead of tumbling toward the
screen. The idea is the same for all rotations,though it isn't always easy to
predict what a complex set of rotations will look like. You'll probably find
that most of your moves can be accomplished with rotation around only one axes,
we think you'll use these most often,so brush rotations are the default
setting.

NOTE If you found this last example to be confusing,you should probably review
the chapter on Perspective. There you will find more information on the
difference between screen and brush angles. The examples might help you
understand how the Move requester uses them.

THE GO BACK COMMAND

The Go Back button has a similar function to the Clear button,only it affects
the location of the brush rather than the settings in the Move requester. When
you use the Move requester to move your brush in three dimensional space,
DeluxePaint remembers the ending position of the brush when the move is
complete. If you want to do a second move from the original brush position,you
click Go Back to reset the brush location.

We'll show you the results of two different move paths,one without using Go
Back and one using Go Back. In this example you'll also actually draw and play
the animation instead of simply previewing it.

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SUCCESSIVE MOVES WITHOUT GO BACK

Click Cancel in the Move requester. Click CLR and clear all frames.
Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu(or press Shift-Keypad-0)to reset
your brush to the original orientation.
Position the brush at the bottom of the screen,and paint it down.
Display the Move requester. Click Clear to clear the edit fields and then set
the Y Distance to 200 and the Z Distance to 400. Click Draw.

You just created the first part of the brush's movement,now we'll create the
second part to continue from where the brush ended.

Display the Move requester. Set the X Distance to 800,leave the Y distance at
200,and set the Z distance to 0. Click Draw.

Choose Control>Play from the Anim menu and watch your animation. Press Spacebar
when you've seen it enough.

In the animation you created,your brush moves into the distance and upward and
then shoots off the screen diagonally to the right. Because you didn't use the
Go Back button,the second part of the brush's movement follows directly from
the end of the first part.

SUCCESSIVE MOVES WITH GO BACK

In the next set of steps,you'll use the same settings as the first example,but
you'll also click the Go Back button before drawing the second part of the
brush movement.

Click CLR and clear all frames. Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu
(or press Shift-Keypad-0)to reset your brush to the original orientation.
Position the brush at the bottom of the screen,and paint it down.

Display the Move requester. Set the X Distance to 0,the Y Distance to 200,and
the Z Distance to 400. Click Draw.

Display the Move requester. Set the X Distance to 800,leave the Y distance at
200,and set the Z distance to 0. Click the Go Back button. Click Draw.

When DeluxePaint is finished drawing the animation,choose Control>Play from the
Anim menu and watch your animation.

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This time you see your animation shows a title splitting into two,with one
title moving into the distance and upward and the other moving diagonally off
the screen to the right.

CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC MOVES

You use the Cyclic button to tell DeluxePaint which of two kinds of animation
you want:

an animation that will loop back on itself(cycle)or chain from the current move
to another move of a similar type;or
an animation that is linear and will end at the last frame you requested with
the Move requester.

DeluxePaint draws your move differently depending on whether or not the Cyclic
button is selected. In this section we'll give you a very quick example of the
difference between the two moves.

Load any brush that contains features to help you tell whether or not the brush
has been rotated.(The DPaint Title Brush will do very well).
Click CLR and clear all frames. Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu
(or press Shift-Keypad-0)to reset your brush to the original orientation. Stamp
the brush in the upper half of the screen.
Display the Move requester. Click Clear in the requester. Set the Z Angle to
360. Make sure the Cyclic button is selected. Click Draw.

When DeluxePaint is finished drawing your animation,notice that you are on
frame 1 of your animation. DeluxePaint moved you to the frame past the ending
frame of your Count.

Press Shift-2 to go to the last frame of the animation.(The Menu Bar will show
20/20 on the left side.)

Notice that on the last frame of your animation,the brush is not rotated 360,
even though you asked for a 360 rotation in the Move requester. This is because
you had the Cyclic option selected to tell DeluxePaint that you were creating a
"cyclical" animation(one that starts and ends at the same point). With this
animation,you can play continuously with a seam.

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Press the 4 key at the top of the keyboard and watch the animation for a
moment. Press Space bar to stop the animation.

If DeluxePaint had painted the brush fully rotated on the last frame,you would
have the same image on frames 1 and 20,and the animation would hiccup when you
played it continuously. Let's draw the same thing with Cyclic turned off to see
how that works.

Press Shift-1 to move to frame 1 of your animation. Paint your brush in the
lower half of the screen Display the Move requester. Click Cyclic to turn if
off(remove the highlight)and click Draw.

Even as the new move is being drawn you will probably notice that the new
rotation is in larger steps than the first one. When the draw is complete,you
will be left at frame 20,where you can see that the new move completed the 360
rotation on frame 20.(Remember that the Cyclic move left you on frame 1).

Press the 4 key at the top of the keyboard and watch the animation. Press Space
bar to stop the animation.

You should be able to see that the rotation at the top of the screen is smooth,
but the rotation at the bottom of the screen hiccups noticeably.

You might ask yourself at this point why anyone would want Cyclic turned off.
The answer is simple:you might want to rotate exactly 90 by a particular frame
or you might want to move an object from point A to exactly point B. Generally,
if you are creating an animation sequence that runs for less than the full
number of frames you have allocated for your animation,you don't want Cyclic
turned on. For a clear example of why you would want Cyclic turned off,follow
the next set of steps.

Clear all frames of your animation. Press Shift-2 to move to the last frame.
Select the Unfilled Circle tool and the single-pixel brush and draw a small
circle on the right side of the screen.
Choose Coordinates from the Prefs menu to turn on Coordinates.
Select the Dotted Freehand tool and the largest round built-in brush. Position
the brush in the middle of your unfilled circle and note what the Coordinates

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show as the location of the brush. Move the brush 200 pixels to the left,press
2 to move to frame 1 and stamp down your brush.

TIP When you need to move your brush in a straight line horizontally or
vertically as you did in the step above,hold down the Shift key. This
constrains your cursor to horizontal or vertical movement,depending on which
direction you move in first.

Display the Move requester,click Clear,set the X Distance to 200,make sure
Cyclic is selected,and click Draw.

When DeluxePaint finishes drawing the animation,notice that you are left on
frame 1. Now look at the last frame(press Shift-2). You'll see that even though
the distance from where you stamped your brush to the center of the circle was
exactly 200 pixels and the move you requested was 200,the dot did not reach the
center of the circle. If you want to move your brush to a specific location by
your ending frame,you don't want Cyclic on. Figure 7.7 shows the results of the
steps above with Cyclic selected and not selected.

FIGURE 7.7 Example of linear move with and without Cyclic selected

Although you can't see it,DeluxePaint has positioned the brush in the center of
the circle on frame 1. If you want to prove this. Go to frame 20,display the
Move requester,click Clear,change the Count to 1 and click Draw.

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When you complete a move with Cyclic selected,DeluxePaint automatically
advances you to the frame beyond the end of your Count and the brush position
DeluxePaint remembers is the position your specified in the Move requester.

SMOOTH MOVES WITH EASE

The Ease Out and Ease In edit fields let you specify a number of frames over
which you want the brush to accelerate or decelerate in your animation. The
primary advantage of these feature is that you can make the brush movement
smooth at the beginning and ending points. Also,some effects require a gradual
acceleration and deceleration to be realistic. For example,a bouncing ball
should accelerate on the way down. The bouncing ball is a good example of how
this feature works,so let's try it. In the process we'll also use the Come To
option.

Clear all of your frames. Draw a filled circle about the size of a nickle and
pick it up as a brush.
Move to frame 20 and stamp the brush down near the bottom of the screen.
Display the move requester;click Clear;enter -170 for your Y Distance move.
Change the Ease Out field to 10. Select the Come to option. Make sure the Count
is set to 20. Click Draw.
When DeluxePaint has finished drawing your animation,chose Control>Ping Pong
from the Anim menu to play the animation forward and backward. What you should
see is a bouncing ball.

Let's take a moment to review what you just did. When you entered -170 for your
Y move,you told DeluxePaint that you wanted the brush to move downward 170
pixels. When you entered 10 in the Ease Out edit field,you told DeluxePaint
that the brush should gradually increase its speed ove the first 10 frames and
then move at the same speed for the last ten. Finally,by clicking the Come To
option,you told DeluxePaint that the brush movement should end in the position
and on the frames where you clicked.

The Come To option is especially useful when it is easier to stamp the brush at
the end of a move than to stamp it at the beginning. This was exactly the case

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with our bouncing ball example. We can more easily stamp the brush where we
want the ball to bounce than we can stamp above and enter numbers that will
move the ball to the proper end point.

WHAT'S LEFT

What remains in the Move requester is fairly straightforward. For now,we'll
summarize what each of the buttons does. You'll find examples of the features
in the following chapter and additional explanations in the Reference.

DIRECTION

The Direction options control the direction of the move and the direction of
the recording.

The Go From button is the default setting for movement. With this option
selected,the settings in the Move requester are used to paint motion away from
the point where you stamped your brush. For example,an X Distance of 200 moves
to the right from where you stamped your brush.

With the Come To option selected,the settings in the Move requester are used to
paint motion toward the point where you stamped your brush. For example,an X
Distance of 200 moves to the right to where you stamped your brush. This option
is most useful when it's easier to specify the position where you want to move
to end than it is to specify the beginning. Remember that you want to stamp the
brush on the last frame you want to draw.

RECORD The Record options let you specify the direction in which DeluxePaint
paints the frames of your move.

Forward is the default and paints the frames by flipping forward.

In Place causes DeluxePaint to paint all of the move on the current frame.

Backward paints the frames by flipping backward--this option is useful with
Trails.

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Trails and Fill are best explained by vivid example,you'll find two examples of
each in the next chapter.

ANIMATED BRUSHES

So far we've shown you how to create an animation by painting on a series of
frames. DeluxePaint also lets you select an area of animation as a brush and
paint with it. The result is that the brush changes while you paint,and,
depending on whether or not the frame changes,you create either animation or
interesting effects.

In A Guided Tour,we showed you how to load and use one of the animbrushes
included on your Animation disk. In this section,we'll show you how to create
as imple animbrush and paint with it.

CREATING A SMALL ANIMATION

To begin,let's create a simple animation that we can easily pick up as a brush.

Choose Change Color>Default Palette from the Picture menu.
Clear all of your animation frames. Paint a circle about the size of a quarter
and filled with a gradient. Pick your circle up as a brush.
Paint your brush down and use the move requester to rotate it 360 over twenty
frames(display the Move requester;set all of the options to their defaults;set
the Z Angle to 360;select Brush angles;make sure the Count is 20 and that
Cyclic is selected).

Your brush will rotate in place to create an animation that looks a little like
a spinning planet.

PICKING UP AN ANIMBRUSH

When DeluxePaint is finished painting the animation,step to frame 1 and choose
Anim Brush>Pick Up from the Anim menu.

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This last step gave you a large cross-hair like the one you use to pick up
standard bushes,but it is special in that it picks up from all of your frames.

Pick up the circle animation as a brush as you normally would using the left
mouse button.

When you release the mouse button,you will see each of the frames flip as the
area is picked up. When it's done,you have your animbrush. Another way to pick
up an animbrush is to select the Brush Selector and hold down the Left Amiga
key(Commodore key on Amiga 500's)as you pick up an area of your animation.

USING THE ANIMBRUSH

To prove that you have an animated brush,paint with it a little.

You'll see that the brush spins as you paint. This is one way to use an
animated brush. But better yet,try animpainting:

Click CLR and clear all frames. Hold down the Left Amiga key(Commodore key on
Amiga 500's). Position the brush in the lower left corner of the screen and
paint from left to right across the screen.

The frames flip as you paint,so you only place one cel of the animbrush on each
frame of your animation. When you play the animation back,you'll see a ball
roll from left to right across the screen.

ANIMBRUSH SETTINGS

When you begin to combine animbrushes into large animations,you'll find that
occasionally you want to change the rate at which an animbrush transforms. You
might even want to change the direction in which an animbrush plays. For
example,you might want the gradient ball you created above to turn in the
opposite direction. You can do this with the AnimBrush Settings requester.

Choose AnimBrush>Settings from the Anim menu.

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        ANIM BRUSH SETTINGS

NUMBER OF CELS = 2
DURATION: 2
CURRENT:  1
DIRECTION:

CANCEL                  OK

FIGURE 7.8 AnimBrush Settings

Click the (backward) direction button and click OK.

Now your gradient circle will rotate in the opposite direction when you paint
with it.

The Duration field in the AnimBrush Settings requester let's you specify how
many stamps of the brush the animbrush uses to complete its cycle. If the
Duration number is larger than the number of cels,the brush seems to move more
slowly. If the Duration number is smaller than the number of cels,the brush
seems to move more quickly. Let's try painting normally with a brush and then
paint with the Duration set higher.

Choose AnimBrush>Load from the Anim menu. Load the file named Bird from the
Animbrush folder of your Animation disk.
Display the AnimBrush Settings requester and set the Direction to play forward.
Click OK.
Select light blue as your background color and clear all frames.
Stamp the brush in the middle of the screen Display the Move requester. Click
Clear. Set the X Distance to -100 and the Z Distance to -100. Click Draw.

Your bird is painted flying outward from the center of the screen toward the
left edge. Play the animation to see what it looks like. Now let's paint
another bird that flaps its wings more slowly.

Choose AnimBrush>Settings from the Anim menu. Set the Duration field to 24. Set
the Current field to 1 to put the brush at its first cel. Click OK.
Go to frame 1. Display the Move requester. Click Go Back. Change the X distance
to +100 and leave everything else the same. Click Draw.

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This time your bird flies out to the right. Play the animation and compare the
flapping of the birds wings. If you step through the frames of your animation
one at a time,you'll see that the bird on the right takes two frames before
changing the wing position,while the bird on the left moves its wings on every
frame.

Now that you've seen some of DeluxePaint's animation features,you might like to
play around a little. Load the animations on your Animation disk and play them.
There are several animbrushes on the disk that you can combine with the Mermaid
animation. When you feel you're ready to see some more of DeluxePaints
animation features,move on to the next chapter. It shows you how to create some
interesting animation effects by combining different features of the program.

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